Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34158072›Full record

ArticleGlobalization and health2021

A framework for designing medical devices resilient to low-resource settings.

Davide Piaggio, Rossana Castaldo, Marco Cinelli, Sara Cinelli, Alessia Maccaro, Leandro Pecchia

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Globalization and health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Advancing human sensorimotor research through modular robotics: the case of the HRX-1.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Davide PiaggioSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. d.piaggio@warwick.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0001-5408-9360
Rossana CastaldoSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4143-1678
Marco CinelliInstitute of Computing Science, Poznań University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965, Poznań, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-5822-3627
Sara CinelliDepartment of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
Alessia MaccaroSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
Leandro PecchiaSchool of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7900-5415

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo date (April 2021), medical device (MD) design approaches have failed to consider the contexts where MDs can be operationalised. Although most of the global population lives and is treated in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMCIs), over 80% of the MD market share is in high-resource settings, which set de facto standards that cannot be taken for granted in lower resource settings. Using a MD designed for high-resource settings in LMICs may hinder its safe and efficient operationalisation. In the literature, many criteria for frameworks to support resilient MD design were presented. However, since the available criteria (as of 2021) are far from being consensual and comprehensive, the aim of this study is to raise awareness about such challenges and to scope experts' consensus regarding the essentiality of MD design criteria.

resultsThis paper presents a novel application of Delphi study and Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to develop a framework comprising 26 essential criteria, which were evaluated and chosen by international experts coming from different parts of the world. This framework was validated by analysing some MDs presented in the WHO Compendium of innovative health technologies for low-resource settings.

conclusionsThis novel holistic framework takes into account some domains that are usually underestimated by MDs designers. For this reason, it can be used by experts designing MDs resilient to low-resource settings and it can also assist policymakers and non-governmental organisations in shaping the future of global healthcare.

Indexed as

Biomedical TechnologyHumansContextual designDelphi surveyLow-resource settingsMCDAMedical device designResilient medical devices

Identifiers

PMID34158072
PMCPMC8220789

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.