Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34158019›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2021

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the health-seeking behaviour of an Asian population with acute respiratory infections in a densely populated community.

Hwee Mian Jane Tan, Mui Suan Tan, Zi Ying Chang, Kee Tung Tan, Guan Liang Adrian Ee, Chee Chin David Ng, Ying Khee William Hwang, Yi Ling Eileen Koh, Yan Ping Sarah Low, Ngiap Chuan Tan

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Infectious Causes of Acute Febrile Illness in Belize, 2020-2022.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Hwee Mian Jane TanSingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One (Tower 5), #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore. jane.tan.h.m@singhealth.com.sg.
Mui Suan TanSingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One (Tower 5), #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
Zi Ying ChangSingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One (Tower 5), #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
Kee Tung TanSingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One (Tower 5), #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
Guan Liang Adrian EeSingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One (Tower 5), #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
Chee Chin David NgSingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One (Tower 5), #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
Ying Khee William HwangNational Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.
Yi Ling Eileen KohSingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One (Tower 5), #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
Yan Ping Sarah LowSingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One (Tower 5), #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
Ngiap Chuan TanSingHealth Polyclinics, 167 Jalan Bukit Merah Connection One (Tower 5), #15-10, Singapore, 150167, Singapore.
SingHealth Polyclinics · SGSingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre · SGNational Cancer Centre Singapore · SG

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic led to the implementation of various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) as the Singapore government escalated containment efforts from DORSCON Orange to Circuit Breaker. NPI include mandatory mask wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing, and closure of schools and workplaces. Considering the similar mode of transmission of COVID-19 and other pathogens related to acute respiratory infections (ARI), the effects of NPI could possibly lead to decreased ARI attendances in the community. This study aims to determine the year-on-year and weekly changes of ARI attendances across a cluster of polyclinics following the implementation of NPI.

methodsThe effect of the nation-wide measures on the health-seeking behaviour of the study population was examined over three periods: (1) 9 weeks prior to the start of Circuit Breaker (DORSCON Orange period), (2) 8 weeks during the Circuit Breaker, and (3) 9 weeks after easing of Circuit Breaker. Data on ARI attendances for the corresponding periods in 2019 were also extracted for comparison and to assess the seasonal variations of ARI. The average weekly workday ARI attendances were compared with those of the preceding week using Wilcoxon signed rank test.

resultsARI attendances dropped steadily throughout the study period and were 50-80% lower than in 2019 since Circuit Breaker. They remained low even after Circuit Breaker ended. Positivity rate for influenza-like illnesses samples in the community was 0.0% from the last week of Circuit Breaker to end of study period.

conclusionsNPI and public education measures during DORSCON Orange and Circuit Breaker periods appear to be associated with the health-seeking behaviour of the public. Changing levels of perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits and barriers, and widespread visual cues based on the Health Belief Model may account for this change. Understanding the impact of NPI and shifts in the public's health-seeking behaviour will be relevant and helpful in the planning of future pandemic responses.

Indexed as

COVID-19Respiratory Tract InfectionsHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2SingaporeAcute respiratory infectionsCOVID-19Health-seeking behaviourInfluenza vaccination

Identifiers

PMID34158019
PMCPMC8219514
OpenAlexW3113123792

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.