ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2021
Fetal growth standards for Chinese twin pregnancies.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Establishing twin birth weight percentile values with gestational age of 22 to 42 weeks in China: a synthesis study of curve modelling.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Twin Birth Weight Chart Comparisons in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Twin growth discordance trajectories and fetal growth velocity for predicting adverse neonatal outcomes: a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Association between birthweight discordance and extrauterine growth restriction among preterm twins: a national multi-center study in China.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- The Impact of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on the Development of Preeclampsia in Twin Pregnancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study Conducted at a Tertiary Hospital.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Development and validation of an ultrasound-based estimated fetal weight reference for Chinese twin pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Association between maternal blood lipids and neonatal hypoglycaemia in pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus: a cohort study.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Comparison of singleton and twin birth weight reference percentile curves by gestational age and sex in extremely preterm infants: a population-based study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- The Controversies and Challenges in the Management of Twin Pregnancy: From the Perspective of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Guidelines.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2022Review
- Establishing Chinese Fetal Growth Standards: Why and How.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2022Review
- Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome in one of the Dichorionic-diamniotic twin: a case report and literature review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe common use of singleton fetal growth standard to access twin growth might lead to over-monitoring and treatment. We aimed to develop fetal growth standards for Chinese twins based on ultrasound measurements, and compare it with Zhang's and other twin fetal growth charts.
methodsA cohort of uncomplicated twin pregnancies were prospectively followed in 2014-2017. Smoothed estimates of fetal growth percentiles for both monochorionic (MC) and dichorionic (DC) twins were obtained using a linear mixed model. We also created growth charts for twins using a model-based approach proposed by Zhang et al. Our twin standards were compared with Hadlock's (singleton) in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes.
resultsA total of 398 twin pregnancies were included, with 214 MC and 582 DC live-born twins. The MC twins were slightly lighter than the DC twins, with small differences throughout the gestation. Our ultrasound-based fetal weight standards were comparable to that using Zhang's method. Compared with previous references/standards from the US, Brazil, Italy and UK, our twins had very similar 50th percentiles, but narrower ranges between the 5th and 95th or 10th and 90th percentiles. Compared with the Hadlock's standard, the risks of neonatal death and adverse perinatal outcomes for small for gestational age (SGA) versus non-SGA were substantially elevated using our standards.
conclusionsA normal fetal growth standard for Chinese twins was created. The differences between MC and DC twins were clinically insignificant. The 50th weight percentiles of the Chinese twins were identical to those in other races/ethnicities but the ranges were markedly narrower. Our standard performed much better than the Hadlock's in predicting low birth weight infants associated with adverse perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies. The present study also indicated that Zhang's method is applicable to Chinese twins, and other areas may use Zhang's method to generate their own curves for twins if deemed necessary.
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