ArticlePloS one2021
Development and evaluation of the digital-screen exposure questionnaire (DSEQ) for young children.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of a program to lower unwanted media screens among 2-5-year-old children: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2024Trial
- Predictors and Prevalence of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption Among Health Care Professionals in Tamale, Ghana.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- Questionnaires Used to Explore the Perspectives of Parents and Health Professionals on Young Children's Use of Technology: Systematic Review.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Review
- Association of Screen Media Time with Developmental Outcomes of Children 18 to 24 Months of Age: An Observational Study.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Excessive screen time and its associated factors among under-5 children in Woliso City Administration, Central Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- How parental mediation relates to digital device use in primary and secondary school students: evidence for the statistical mediation of parent-child interaction quality.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Validity and reliability of Indonesian version of the digital screen exposure questionnaire (DSEQ) for young children.PloS one · 2026Article
- Parent-Reported Measures of Weight-Related Health Behaviors in Early Childhood: A Scoping Review.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2025Article
- Problematic Digital Technology Use Measures in Children Aged 0 to 6 Years: Scoping Review.JMIR mental health · 2025Article
- Digital screen exposure and emotional symptoms in preschool children: mediation by parent-child relationship and moderation by peer relationships.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Association of digital media use with sleep habits in school children: A cross-sectional study.Sleep medicine: X · 2024Article
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- A systematic compilation of rating scales developed, translated, and adapted in India.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOver the last three decades, the accessibility and usage of mobile devices have increased among young children. This study's objective was to develop a validated caregiver-reported digital-screen exposure questionnaire (DSEQ) for children aged 2-5 years.
methodsDSEQ was developed in five phases. Phase 1, a draft questionnaire was developed by reviewing the literature on existing tools (n = 2) from 2009-2017. Phase 2, face-to-face interviews with primary caregivers (n = 30) were conducted in a tertiary-care-hospital for acculturation. Nine experts assessed the face and content validity of the draft Hindi and English questionnaire. Phase 3, a pilot study conducted among randomly selected families (n = 40) to evaluate the feasibility of DSEQ in field settings. Phase 4, test-retest reliability was done among 30 primary caregivers selected randomly in another urban cluster. Phase 5, the internal consistency of DSEQ was checked by conducting a cross-sectional study among randomly selected 400 primary caregivers in Chandigarh, North India. IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, version 25.0, was for data management and analysis.
resultsA valid DSEQ with 86 items under five domains, including sociodemographic, screen-time exposure and home media environment, level of physical activity, media-related behaviors, and parental perceptions was developed. The pilot study showed that it was feasible to use the DSEQ in the field. DSEQ was reliable with kappa value ranging from 0.52 to 1.0, and intra-class coefficient of 0.62-0.99 (p<0.05). A strong internal consistency was observed for three domains including, screen-time exposure and home media environment (Cronbach's alpha of 0.82), media-related behaviors (Cronbach's alpha of 0.74) and physical activity (Cronbach's alpha 0.73).
conclusionsThe developed DSEQ has good face and content validity and acceptable evidence of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The DSEQ can be used for measuring digital screen exposure and its correlates among children aged 2 to 5 years.
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