ArticleEndocrine connections2021
Electrolyte and acid-base imbalance in severe COVID-19.
Article in Endocrine connections, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of hypernatremia with mortality in patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Pooled it
- Hyponatremia and the risk of sepsis in the setting of chronic kidney disease not on dialysis.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Hypophosphatemia: Unraveling a lethal connection with icu mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients: a multicenter observational study.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2025Article
- Association of Serum Potassium Variability With 60-day Mortality and Cardiovascular Events after COVID-19 Infection in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.International journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Observational
- Frequency of dysnatremia in patients admitted with COVID-19 infection and its prognostic implication.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Article
- Article
- The Mutual Relationship among Cardiovascular Diseases and COVID-19: Focus on Micronutrients Imbalance.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Article
- Prognostication using SpOJournal of critical care · 2022Article
- Review
- Understanding Patients with COVID in the Isolation Rooms from the Perspective of Care: A Qualitative Study.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2022Article
- Factors That Influence Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Multicenter Study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Prevalence, prognostic value, pathophysiology, and management of hyponatraemia in children and adolescents with COVID-19.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute systemic diseases, such as severe infections, can lead to electrolyte and acid-base alterations. To study the presence of electrolyte imbalance in severe COVID-19, we investigated the frequency and consequences of changes in electrolyte and acid-base patterns over time. We performed a retrospective cohort study including 406 patients with severe COVID-19. Levels of electrolytes, base excess, pH, serum osmolality, and hematocrit, the first 2 weeks of hospitalization, were collected daily from the laboratory database and clinical data from patients' medical records. We found that hyponatremia was present in 57% of the patients at admission and 2% in hypernatremia. However, within 2 weeks of hospitalization 42% of the patients developed hypernatremia, more frequently in critically ill patients. Lower levels of sodium and potassium during admission were associated with the need for mechanical ventilation. Decreased pH at admission was associated with both death and the need for mechanical ventilation. Hypernatremia in the ICU was combined with rising base excess and a higher pH. In the group without intensive care, potassium levels were significantly lower in the patients with severe hypernatremia. Presence of hypernatremia during the first 2 weeks of hospitalization was associated with 3.942 (95% CI 2.269-6.851) times higher odds of death. In summary, hypernatremia was common and associated with longer hospital stay and a higher risk of death, suggesting that the dynamics of sodium are an important indicator of severity in COVID-19.
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