ArticleMolecular plant pathology2021
Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis and pv. corylina: Brothers or distant relatives? Genetic clues, epidemiology, and insights for disease management.
Article in Molecular plant pathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Dual Action of Ivy and Strawberry Essential Oils: Induction ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Molecular and Biochemical Characterization ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biodegradation of Juglone by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, the Causal Agent of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Bacterial Blight.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2025Article
- Unraveling the genomic complexity of secretion systems in the most virulent Xanthomonas arboricola pathovars.PloS one · 2025Article
- Review
- Changes in the Histology of Walnut (International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Specific and sensitive detection tools forFrontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Characterization ofViruses · 2022Article
- DNA Markers for Detection and Genotyping ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis and pv. corylina: Brothers or distant relatives? Genetic clues, epidemiology, and insights for disease management.Molecular plant pathology · 2021Article
- Integrating science on Xanthomonadaceae for sustainable plant disease management in Europe.Molecular plant pathology · 2021Article
- Susceptibility of SomeFrontiers in plant science · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe species Xanthomonas arboricola comprises up to nine pathovars, two of which affect nut crops: pv. juglandis, the causal agent of walnut bacterial blight, brown apical necrosis, and the vertical oozing canker of Persian (English) walnut; and pv. corylina, the causal agent of the bacterial blight of hazelnut. Both pathovars share a complex population structure, represented by different clusters and several clades. Here we describe our current understanding of symptomatology, population dynamics, epidemiology, and disease control. TAXONOMIC STATUS: Bacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Lysobacterales (earlier synonym of Xanthomonadales); Family Lysobacteraceae (earlier synonym of Xanthomonadaceae); Genus Xanthomonas; Species X. arboricola; Pathovars: pv. juglandis and pv. corylina. HOST RANGE AND SYMPTOMS: The host range of each pathovar is not limited to a single species, but each infects mainly one plant species: Juglans regia (X. arboricola pv. juglandis) and Corylus avellana (X. arboricola. pv. corylina). Walnut bacterial blight is characterized by lesions on leaves and fruits, and cankers on twigs, branches, and trunks; brown apical necrosis symptoms consist of apical necrosis originating at the stigmatic end of the fruit. A peculiar symptom, the vertical oozing canker developing along the trunk, is elicited by a particular genetic lineage of the bacterium. Symptoms of hazelnut bacterial blight are visible on leaves and fruits as necrotic lesions, and on woody parts as cankers. A remarkable difference is that affected walnuts drop abundantly, whereas hazelnuts with symptoms do not. DISTRIBUTION: Bacterial blight of walnut has a worldwide distribution, wherever Persian (English) walnut is cultivated; the bacterial blight of hazelnut has a more limited distribution, although disease outbreaks are currently more frequently reported. X. arboricola pv. juglandis is regulated almost nowhere, whereas X. arboricola pv. corylina is regulated in most European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) countries. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CONTROL: For both pathogens infected nursery material is the main pathway for their introduction and spread into newly cultivated areas; additionally, infected nursery material is the source of primary inoculum. X. arboricola pv. juglandis is also disseminated through pollen. Disease control is achieved through the phytosanitary certification of nursery material (hazelnut), although approved certification schemes are not currently available. Once the disease is present in walnut/hazelnut groves, copper compounds are widely used, mostly in association with dithiocarbamates; where allowed, antibiotics (preferably kasugamycin) are sprayed. The emergence of strains highly resistant to copper currently represents the major threat for effective management of the bacterial blight of walnut. USEFUL WEBSITES: https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTJU, https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/XANTCY, https://www.euroxanth.eu, http://www.xanthomonas.org.
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