ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2021
Academic Performance in Adolescents Born to Mothers With Gestational Diabetes-A National Danish Cohort Study.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- GDM-Related Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in the Mothers and Their Progeny, and the Underlying Mechanisms.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Diabetes in Pregnancy and School-Age Developmental Outcomes for Offspring: A Statewide Retrospective Cohort Study.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- The impact of maternal diabetes on the future health and neurodevelopment of the offspring: a review of the evidence.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants of diabetic mothers.Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatricsReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextThe prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing, and intrauterine hyperglycemia is suspected to affect offspring cognitive function.
objectiveWe assessed academic performance by grade point average (GPA) in children aged 15 to 16 years at compulsory school graduation, comparing offspring exposed to GDM (O-GDM) with offspring from the background population (O-BP).
methodsThis register-based, cohort study comprised all singletons born in Denmark between 1994 and 2001 (O-GDM: n = 4286; O-BP: n = 501 045). Standardized and internationally comparable GPAs were compared in univariate and multivariable linear models. Main outcome measures included the adjusted mean difference in GPA. We also analyzed the probability of having a high GPA, a GPA below passing, and no GPA registered.
resultsO-GDM had a GPA of 6.29 (SD 2.52), whereas O-BP had a GPA of 6.78 (SD 2.50). The adjusted mean difference was -0.36 (95% CI, -0.44 to -0.29), corresponding to a Cohen's D of 0.14. O-GDM had a lower probability of obtaining a high GPA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.68; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.79), while their risk of obtaining a GPA below passing was similar to O-BP (aOR 1.20; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.50). O-GDM had a higher risk of not having a GPA registered (aOR 1.38; 95% CI, 1.24 to 1.53).
conclusionAcademic performance in O-GDM was marginally lower than in O-BP. However, this difference is unlikely to be of clinical importance.
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