ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2021
Early Onset of Age-Related Cataracts in Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter Knockout Mice.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lens aging and disease: Molecular mechanisms, functional consequences, and pharmacological implications.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- Changes in Redox Balance and Mitochondrial Activity in the Retinas of Cystine/Glutamate Antiporter Knockout Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- A deep learning-driven cataract screening model derived from multicenter real-world dataset.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Application of transgenic mice to the molecular pathogenesis of cataract.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of the xCT is a subunit. The cystine/glutamate antiporter is actually system xc-xCT subunit of the cystine/glutamate antiporter in maintaining redox balance by investigating the effects of the loss of xCT on lens transparency and cystine/cysteine balance in the aqueous humour. Methods: C57Bl/6 wild-type and xCT knockout mice at five age groups (6 weeks to 12 months) were used. Lens transparency was examined using a slit-lamp and morphological changes visualized by immunolabelling and confocal microscopy. Quantification of glutathione in lenses and cysteine and cystine levels in the aqueous was conducted by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results: Slit-lamp examinations revealed that 3-month-old wild-type mice and xCT knockout mice lenses exhibited an anterior localized cataract. The frequency of this cataract significantly increased in the knockout mice compared to the wild-type mice. Morphological studies revealed a localized swelling of the lens fiber cells at the anterior pole. Glutathione levels in whole lenses were similar between wild-type and knockout mice. However, glutathione levels were significantly decreased at 3 months in the knockout mice in the lens epithelium compared to the wild-type mice. Aqueous cysteine levels remained similar between wild-type and knockout mice at all age groups, whereas cystine levels were significantly increased in 3-, 9-, and 12-month-old knockout mice compared to wild-type mice. Conclusions: Loss of xCT resulted in the depletion of glutathione in the epithelium and an oxidative shift in the cysteine/cystine ratio of the aqueous. Together, these oxidative changes may contribute to the accelerated development of an anterior cataract in knockout mice, which appears to be a normal feature of aging in wild-type mice.
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Registered trials
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