ArticlemSystems2021
Structure of Chimpanzee Gut Microbiomes across Tropical Africa.
Article in mSystems, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transforming gastrointestinal helminth parasite identification in vertebrate hosts with metabarcoding: a systematic review.Parasites & vectors · 2024Pooled it
- Diet, Microbes, and Cancer Across the Tree of Life: a Systematic Review.Current nutrition reports · 2022Pooled it
- The Forms and Structures of Chimpanzee Algae Fishing.American journal of primatology · 2026Article
- Associations and interactions between prokaryotes and other gut biota in non-human primates.Primates; journal of primatology · 2026Review
- Genomic and functional co-diversification imprint African Hominidae microbiomes to signal dietary and lifestyle adaptations.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- The plasticity of gut microbiota contributes to inter-region dietary differences adaptation of ungulates in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.mSystems · 2025Article
- Impacts of Captive Domestication and Geographical Divergence on the Gut Microbiome of Endangered Forest Musk Deer.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Mucosal immune responses and intestinal microbiome associations in wild spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta).Communications biology · 2025Article
- Supplementation With Human Foods Affects the Gut Microbiota of Wild Howler Monkeys.American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Utility of the Gut Microbiome as a Longitudinal Health Monitoring Tool in Sanctuary Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Why Didn't the Sifaka Cross the Road? Divergence of Propithecus edwardsi Gut Microbiomes Across Geographic Barriers in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar.American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Metagenome and metabolome insights into the energy compensation and exogenous toxin degradation of gut microbiota in high-altitude rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2023Article
- Roles for non-human primate-associated phage diversity in improving medicine and public health.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
60 authors at 20 institutions in 13 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding variation in host-associated microbial communities is important given the relevance of microbiomes to host physiology and health. Using 560 fecal samples collected from wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) across their range, we assessed how geography, genetics, climate, vegetation, and diet relate to gut microbial community structure (prokaryotes, eukaryotic parasites) at multiple spatial scales. We observed a high degree of regional specificity in the microbiome composition, which was associated with host genetics, available plant foods, and potentially with cultural differences in tool use, which affect diet. Genetic differences drove community composition at large scales, while vegetation and potentially tool use drove within-region differences, likely due to their influence on diet. Unlike industrialized human populations in the United States, where regional differences in the gut microbiome are undetectable, chimpanzee gut microbiomes are far more variable across space, suggesting that technological developments have decoupled humans from their local environments, obscuring regional differences that could have been important during human evolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.