Retractions, Fake Peer Reviews, and Paper Mills.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

1. Artificial intelligence in the retraction spotlight: trends, causes and consequences of withdrawn AI literature through a systematic bibliometric review.Frontiers in research metrics and analytics · 2025
   Pooled it
2. Retractions in Rheumatology: Trends, Causes, and Implications for Research Integrity.Arthritis care & research · 2026
   Article
3. Retraction Analysis in Social Media Research: A Scopus Based Data From 2011 to 2025.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026
   Article
4. Publication and Retraction Activity in the Field of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Origins, Concerns, and Perspectives.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026
   Article
5. Artificial Intelligence as a Safeguard for Clinical Scientific Integrity: A Human-AI Hybrid Model for Medical Peer Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
   Article
6. Analysis of Retracted Publications in the Diabetes Literature.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2026
   Article
7. Fifty Years of Retracted Medical Publications From 1975 to 2024: A Comprehensive Analysis of Trends, Reasons, and Countries Using the Retraction Watch Database.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025
   Article
8. Analysis of Retracted Publications on Artificial Intelligence: Trends, Ethical Concerns, and Scientific Integrity.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025
   Article
9. Citation Contamination by Paper Mill Articles in Systematic Reviews of the Life Sciences.JAMA network open · 2025
   Article
10. Geographical Disparities in Research Misconduct: Analyzing Retraction Patterns by Country.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025
    Article
11. Gender disparities among authors of retracted publications in medical journals: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025
    Article
12. Paying reviewers and regulating the number of papers may help fix the peer-review process.F1000Research · 2024
    Article
13. Analysis of Retracted Publications in Medical Literature Due to Ethical Violations.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023
    Article
14. Photographs for authors should not be a mandatory journal submission requirement.Irish journal of medical science · 2023
    Article
15. A global exploratory comparison of country self-citations 1996-2019.PloS one · 2023
    Article
16. Retracted papers originating from paper mills: cross sectional study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2022
    Article
17. Junk Science, Junk Journals, and Junk Publishing Management: Risk to Science's Credibility.Philosophia (Ramat-Gan, Israel) · 2022
    Article
18. A Synthesis of the Formats for Correcting Erroneous and Fraudulent Academic Literature, and Associated Challenges.Journal for general philosophy of science = Zeitschrift fur allgemeine Wissenschaftstheorie · 2022
    Article

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.