ArticleNature cell biology2021
Mechanical compartmentalization of the intestinal organoid enables crypt folding and collective cell migration.
Article in Nature cell biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Mechanical forces stimulate Golgi export.The Journal of cell biology · 2026Article
- Label-free ultraviolet photoacoustic microscopy for multiscale structural phenotyping of epithelial morphogenesis in organoid-derived intestinal epithelial wrinkle tissue.Photoacoustics · 2026Article
- Quantitative imaging of dynamic processes in intestinal organoids.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Biophysics of lumen morphogenesis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Review
- Volume and surface methods for microparticle traction force microscopy: a computational and experimental comparison.Soft matter · 2026Article
- Goblet cells mechanically breach the epithelial barrier in gut homeostasis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Stress-relaxing granular bioprinting materials enable complex and uniform organoid self-organization.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Mechanochemical bistability as a principle of robust morphogenesis.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2026Article
- Advancing mechanobiology from single molecules to complex cellular systems.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Review
- Image Tracing of Inflammatory Intestinal Organoids via Computational Clearing.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Whole tissue imaging of cellular boundaries at sub-micron resolutions for deep learning cell segmentation: Applications in the analysis of epithelial bending of ectoderm.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2026Article
- Mechanochemical regulation of organoid morphogenesis: Integrated signaling circuits in engineered microenvironments.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Mechanomedicine.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2026Article
- Guidance for 3D traction force microscopy today and in the next decade.Nature methods · 2026Review
- The Synthetic Extracellular Matrix as a Maestro of the In Vitro Stem Cell Niche: Orchestrating Fate and Function.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mechanosensitive ion channels in intestinal homeostasis and disease.eGastroenterology · 2026Review
- Maternal Organ Growth: How the Adult Intestine Remodels During Pregnancy and Lactation.Development, growth & differentiation · 2026Review
- Intestinal epithelial cells in health and disease.Tissue barriers · 2026Review
- Application and prospects of organoid-on-a-chip in research on the intestinal mucosal barrier.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Intestinal organoids capture essential features of the intestinal epithelium such as crypt folding, cellular compartmentalization and collective movements. Each of these processes and their coordination require patterned forces that are at present unknown. Here we map three-dimensional cellular forces in mouse intestinal organoids grown on soft hydrogels. We show that these organoids exhibit a non-monotonic stress distribution that defines mechanical and functional compartments. The stem cell compartment pushes the extracellular matrix and folds through apical constriction, whereas the transit amplifying zone pulls the extracellular matrix and elongates through basal constriction. The size of the stem cell compartment depends on the extracellular-matrix stiffness and endogenous cellular forces. Computational modelling reveals that crypt shape and force distribution rely on cell surface tensions following cortical actomyosin density. Finally, cells are pulled out of the crypt along a gradient of increasing tension. Our study unveils how patterned forces enable compartmentalization, folding and collective migration in the intestinal epithelium.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.