ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2021
The multiple sclerosis prodrome.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combined training improves functional capacity, fatigue, and quality of life in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory biomarkers for disease progression in Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- A susceptibility network analysis of disease trajectories leading to multiple sclerosis: A nationwide cohort study.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Phenotyping healthcare use before pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis, including by sex and age: A matched cohort study.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- MRI Correlates of Depression and Anxiety in Multiple Sclerosis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association of Vitamin C Supplementation and Genetic Susceptibility with Multiple Sclerosis Risk: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Comorbidities and lifestyle changes as predictors of the multiple sclerosis prodrome: A prospective cohort study.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- When is the Radiologically Isolated Syndrome already Multiple Sclerosis According to the 2024 McDonald Criteria?Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Anti-aging and Anti-inflammatory Dietary Interventions in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Pre-Diagnostic Features of Multiple Sclerosis in a Diverse UK Cohort: A Nested Case-Control Study.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Myelin injury precedes axonal injury and symptomatic onset in multiple sclerosis.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Host Genetic Architecture between Epstein-Barr Virus Activity and Multiple Sclerosis Reveals Shared Pathways.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- A multi-center study of transformer-based CNNs for multiple sclerosis lesion segmentation on 3D FLAIR MRI.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Microbiota-Derived SCFAs in Multiple Sclerosis: From Immune Priming to Neurodegeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Comparative Effectiveness of Cladribine and S1P Receptor Modulators in Treatment-Naive Relapsing-Remitting MS.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Prodromal phase of multiple sclerosis: evidence from sickness absence patterns before disease onset - a matched cohort study.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Follicle on the Roof: Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Central Nervous System Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- MSCs engineered with secreted Klotho alleviate blood-brain barrier disruption and reduce neuroinflammation more effectively than MSCs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A prodrome is an early set of signs, symptoms or other findings that occur before the onset of typical symptoms of a disease. Prodromal phases are well recognized in several neurological and inflammatory diseases, but the possibility of a prodrome in multiple sclerosis (MS) has received relatively little attention until the past few years. In this Perspective, we summarize what is currently known about the MS prodrome, including its possible duration, clinical features and potential biomarkers. We also consider what insights and lessons can be learned from knowledge of and research into the prodromal phases of other diseases. A better understanding of the MS prodrome could have profound clinical implications as it could enable earlier recognition of MS and earlier initiation of treatments that reduce relapse rates and long-term disability. Knowledge of the MS prodrome could also affect research into the causes of MS, and putative risk factors must be re-evaluated in light of the MS prodrome. We conclude by outlining the major knowledge gaps and propose future initiatives.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.