ReviewPsychological reports2022
Female Narcissism: Assessment, Aetiology, and Behavioural Manifestations.
Review in Psychological reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Narcissistic Traits and Psychological Distress Among Medical Students: Implications for Mental Health Support in Medical Education.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Vulnerable Narcissism Modulates Early Neural Processing of Verbal Violence in Women: An ERP Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gender differences and age trends in pathological narcissism on a sample of Iranian students.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Coercive Control and Intimate Partner Violence: Relationship With Personality Disorder Severity and Pathological Narcissism.Personality and mental health · 2025Article
- Dark Triad, Depression, Anhedonia and Alexithymia: The Role of Sex Differences.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Phubbed and Furious: Narcissists' Responses to Perceived Partner Phubbing.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gender bias in assessing narcissistic personality: Exploring the utility of the ICD-11 dimensional model.The British journal of clinical psychology · 2025Article
- Emotional Dependence and Narcissism in Couple Relationships: Echo and Narcissus Syndrome.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- [Narcissism-Normal, pathological, grandiose, vulnerable?]Der Nervenarzt · 2024Article
- Tracing the Link Between Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Childhood Overgratification.Cureus · 2024Review
- Article
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder through psycholinguistic analysis and neuroscientific correlates.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- "It's not you, it's me": identity disturbance as the main contributor to interpersonal problems in pathological narcissism.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2023Article
- Clinician perception of pathological narcissism in females: a vignette-based study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Self-reported narcissistic traits in patients with addiction through the lens of the ICD-11 model for personality disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite putative gender differences in the expression of narcissism, prominent theories have virtually dismissed the role of females in the development and manifestation of narcissism. The contention that narcissism is a pathology of the self that may partly differ in males and females is further evident in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The DSM-5 reports that up to 75% of those diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) are men. Such figures suggest that the representation of narcissism as codified in the DSM-5 may only be marginally applicable to females, given its prominent focus and nature on capturing grandiose themes which closely resemble commonly masculine norms. The overemphasis on grandiose features extends to the empirical literature which defines narcissism as a normative personality trait and is widely assessed using the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), on which males obtain significantly higher scores than females. As this review will demonstrate, one limitation frequently occurring in the literature is the attempt to comprehend narcissistic manifestations in females through the lens of what has commonly been defined as narcissism (DSM/NPI). In this review, the literature concerning the diagnostic assessment and conceptualisation of narcissistic personality disorder, aetiological factors, aggression, and partner violence perpetration will be discussed in relation to the importance of gender. This is followed by a review of existing gaps in theory and research, and suggestions for fruitful directions that can aid a richer and more meaningful literature on narcissism inclusive of gender issues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.