Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34153749›Full record

ArticleThe Science of the total environment2021

Social-distancing fatigue: Evidence from real-time crowd-sourced traffic data.

Jenni A Shearston, Micaela E Martinez, Yanelli Nunez, Markus Hilpert

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Science of the total environment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Social dilemma of nonpharmaceutical interventions: Determinants of dynamic compliance and behavioral shifts.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
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  11. Quantifying diurnal changes in NOHygiene and environmental health advances · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Jenni A ShearstonDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: js5431@cumc.columbia.edu.
Micaela E MartinezDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA.
Yanelli NunezDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA.
Markus HilpertDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA.
Columbia University · US

Funding

True Metal fac coreP30ES009089 · NIEHS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI MATTHEW S PERZANOWSKI · 1998 to 2026
$44.7M
Supplemental Training in Making Data FAIR and AI/ML ReadyT32ES007322 · NIEHS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Pam R Factor-Litvak, Allison Kupsco · 2000 to 2026
$12.1M
HACKING EPIDEMICS: UNLOCKING THE DRIVERS OF TRANSMISSION SEASONALITYTO BATTLE VACCINE-PREVENTABLE DISEASESDP5OD023100 · OD · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI MARTINEZ, MICAELA ELVIRA · 2016 to 2020
$1.8M
Crowd-Sourced Traffic Data: Predicting Air Pollution & Ischemic StrokeR21ES030093 · NIEHS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BOEHME, AMELIA K, HILPERT, MARKUS · 2019 to 2021
$450k
Impact of COVID-19 related stay-at-home orders on traffic, traffic-related air pollution, and cardiovascular health in New York CityF31ES033098 · NIEHS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SHEARSTON, JENNI · 2021 to 2022
$63k
NIEHS NIH HHS F31 ES033098NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES009089NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES030093NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007322NIH HHS DP5 OD023100
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionTo mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent overwhelming the healthcare system, social-distancing policies such as school closure, stay-at-home orders, and indoor dining closure have been utilized worldwide. These policies function by reducing the rate of close contact within populations and result in decreased human mobility. Adherence to social distancing can substantially reduce disease spread. Thus, quantifying human mobility and social-distancing compliance, especially at high temporal resolution, can provide great insight into the impact of social distancing policies.

methodsWe used the movement of individuals around New York City (NYC), measured via traffic levels, as a proxy for human mobility and the impact of social-distancing policies (i.e., work from home policies, school closure, indoor dining closure etc.). By data mining Google traffic in real-time, and applying image processing, we derived high resolution time series of traffic in NYC. We used time series decomposition and generalized additive models to quantify changes in rush hour/non-rush hour, and weekday/weekend traffic, pre-pandemic and following the roll-out of multiple social distancing interventions.

resultsMobility decreased sharply on March 14, 2020 following declaration of the pandemic. However, levels began rebounding by approximately April 13, almost 2 months before stay-at-home orders were lifted, indicating premature increase in mobility, which we term social-distancing fatigue. We also observed large impacts on diurnal traffic congestion, such that the pre-pandemic bi-modal weekday congestion representing morning and evening rush hour was dramatically altered. By September, traffic congestion rebounded to approximately 75% of pre-pandemic levels.

conclusionUsing crowd-sourced traffic congestion data, we described changes in mobility in Manhattan, NYC, during the COVID-19 pandemic. These data can be used to inform human mobility changes during the current pandemic, in planning for responses to future pandemics, and in understanding the potential impact of large-scale traffic interventions such as congestion pricing policies.

Indexed as

COVID-19CrowdsourcingFatigueHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2coronavirus pandemicCOVID-19crowd-sourced datadigital epidemiologyGoogle mapsGoogle traffichuman mobilityNew YorkNYCSARS-CoV-2smartphonesocial-distancing fatigueTraffic maps

Identifiers

PMID34153749
PMCPMC8403631
OpenAlexW3165998784

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.