ArticleJournal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry2022
Racial Discrimination, Mental Health, and Parenting Among African American Mothers of Preschool-Aged Children.
Article in Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Social Media, Racial Identity, and the Mental Health Consequences of Vicarious Racism among Black Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Discrimination Against Immigrant Latina Mothers Associated With Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Their Preschool-Aged Children.Biological research for nursing · 2026Article
- Racial Trauma and Black Mothers' Mental Health: Does Cognitive Flexibility Buffer the Effects of Racialized Stress?Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Beyond Direct Exposure: The Vicarious Nature of Racism on Children's Development.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- The impact of Maternal Mentalizing on Racial Trauma and Substance Use Risk for Black Mothers in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Racial Stress, Social Support, and Racial Socialization Among Rural Black Mothers: Associations With Preschoolers' Executive Functioning.Family process · 2025Article
- An Interpersonal Physiological Pathway Framework Linking Racism and Well-Being in Black American Families.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Review
- Discrimination, Coping, and DNAm Accelerated Aging Among African American Mothers of the InterGEN Study.Epigenomes · 2025Article
- Article
- Parent discrimination clusters and pediatric health in a national survey: The modifying effect of parenting.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- The association between experiences of racism and mental health on children and young people in the UK: rapid scoping review.BJPsych open · 2025Review
- Persistent Short Sleep Duration From Pregnancy to 2 to 7 Years After Delivery and Metabolic Health.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- The Influence of Children's Discrimination Experiences on Parents' Mental and Self-Rated Health: Results from the National Health Interview Survey.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Anti-Black racism in the early years: the experiences of Black families and early childhood educators in Nova Scotia.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2023Article
- Parent-Child Concordance and Discordance in Family Violence Reporting: A Descriptive Analysis from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development StudyJournal of interpersonal violence · 2023Article
- Pathways to emotion regulation in young Black children: An attachment perspective.Advances in child development and behavior · 2023Article
- Experiences of Trauma and DNA Methylation Profiles among African American Mothers and Children.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Sex-dimorphic gene effects on survival outcomes in people with coronary artery disease.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2022Article
- Stress Overload and DNA Methylation in African American Women in the Intergenerational Impact of Genetic and Psychological Factors on Blood Pressure Study.Epigenetics insights · 2022Article
- Associations Between DNA Methylation Age Acceleration, Depressive Symptoms, and Cardiometabolic Traits in African American Mothers From the InterGEN Study.Epigenetics insights · 2022Article
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Funding
Abstract
objectiveIndirect exposure to racism experienced by a caregiver (ie, vicarious racism) is associated with poor outcomes for children, but mechanisms of vicarious racism transmission are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between experiences of racial discrimination and parenting among African American mothers and to identify psychological mediators and moderators of this relationship.
methodAfrican American mothers (N = 250) with young children (mean age = 3.7 years old) reported on perceived racial discrimination (Race-Related Events Scale), parenting (Parenting Stress Index, Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire), coping (Coping Strategies Index), and mental health (Stress Overload Scale, Beck Depression Inventory). Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between perceived racial discrimination and parenting and to test coping as a moderator of these relationships. Ordinary least-squares regression-based path analysis with bootstrapping was used to examine mediation by stress overload and depressive symptoms.
resultsAt least one experience of racial discrimination was reported by 57% of women. Experiences of racial discrimination were associated with increased parenting stress (β = 0.69, p = .02), and this relationship was mediated by stress overload (95% CI [0.35, 1.09]) and depressive symptoms (95% CI [0.27, 1.18]). Racial discrimination was not associated with parenting styles, and coping strategies largely did not moderate the relationships examined.
conclusionRacial discrimination has harmful intergenerational effects on African American children and families. Systemic-level interventions are needed, including adoption of policies to promote racial justice and eliminate structural racism in the United States. Future research on coping strategies specific to racism-related stress is needed to inform approaches to intervention.
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