ArticleThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2021
Smoking Affects the Patterns of Metabolic Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With First-Episode Drug-Naive Schizophrenia: A Large Sample Study Based on the Chinese Han Population.
Article in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The Role of Metabolic Disorders in the Development of Waxy Flexibility in Patients with Catatonic Schizophrenia.Iranian journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Biological Susceptibility of Patients with Schizophrenia to Metabolic Syndrome: A Review.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Review
- Characterization of the white matter networks in schizophrenia patients with metabolic syndrome undergoing risperidone or clozapine treatment.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- The role of cognitive function in predicting metabolic risk in schizophrenia: a multi-model comparison incorporating clinical features.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Lipid and Glucose Profile across Different Mental Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Exploring the Association between Schizophrenia and Cardiovascular Diseases: Insights into the Role of Sigma 1 Receptor.Physiological research · 2023Review
- Prevalence of smoking cigarettes and beliefs regarding smoking habits among medical students: a cross-sectional study in Sudan.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The prevalence and clinical correlates of metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic alterations in 430 drug-naive patients in their first episode of schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Comorbidity and Treatment in Older Psychiatric In-patients-A Retrospective Study in a Chinese Psychiatric Hospital.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveAlthough metabolic disorders and smoking are common in schizophrenia, few studies have investigated the effects of smoking on metabolic disorders or metabolic syndrome (MetS) in schizophrenia patients, especially in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients. We sought to investigate the differences in metabolic disorders and MetS between smoking and nonsmoking FEDN schizophrenia patients.
methodsA total of 428 FEDN schizophrenia patients and 435 controls were recruited. Blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profiles, and glucose metabolism were measured. The psychopathology was evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.
resultsFEDN schizophrenia patients had a higher smoking rate than controls (23.8% vs 14.0%, P < .001). After adjusting for confounding variables, the prevalence of MetS, overweight, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated insulin, and insulin resistance in smoking patients was higher than those in nonsmoking patients, while overweight and hypertension were higher in the smoking controls than in nonsmoking controls (all P < .05). In smoking patients, triglyceridemia, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were the main contributing components to MetS, while in nonsmoking patients, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceridemia, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were the main contributing components to MetS. In smoking patients, BMI and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were associated factors of MetS (both P < .05). In nonsmoking patients, sex, BMI, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance were associated factors of MetS (all P < .05).
conclusionsOur study indicates that smoking schizophrenia patients have a higher prevalence of MetS and metabolic disorders than nonsmoking patients. Moreover, smoking and nonsmoking patients have different contributing components and associated factors for MetS.
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