ArticlePLoS computational biology2021
Examining the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of HIV-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Callitrichine herpesvirus 3 in the common marmoset is a model of Epstein-Barr virus infection and associated lymphoma.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Clinical trial simulation of antiviral drugs.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Review
- Human Herpes Virus-8 Oral Shedding Heterogeneity Is Due to Varying Rates of Reactivation from Latency and Immune Containment.Viruses · 2025Article
- Methylation-specific qPCR for the EBV C promoter to quantify EBV methylation.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors for oral human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus co-infections among sexually active males and females in Ibadan, Nigeria.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus type 2 infection is associated with higher viral loads in pediatric tonsils from western Kenya.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Lytic and Persistent Human Adenovirus Infections in Tonsil Tissue of Children With Tonsillar Hypertrophy: A Matched Case-Control Study.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2025Article
- Highly Heterogeneous Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Oral Shedding Kinetics Among People With and Without Kaposi Sarcoma and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Epstein - Barr Virus Salivary Shedding in Patients with Acute Infectious Diseases: A Pilot Study.Acta stomatologica Croatica · 2024Article
- Ensemble modeling of SARS-CoV-2 immune dynamics in immunologically naïve rhesus macaques predicts that potent, early innate immune responses drive viral elimination.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- DRB1 locus alleles of HLA class II are associated with modulation of the immune response in different serological profiles of HIV-1/Epstein-Barr virus coinfection in the Brazilian Amazon region.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Detection of Human Herpesviruses in Sera and Saliva of Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Individuals Using Multiplex RT-PCR DNA Microarray.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- [Developments in Research on Salivary Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2023Review
- Co-Infection and Cancer: Host-Pathogen Interaction between Dendritic Cells and HIV-1, HTLV-1, and Other Oncogenic Viruses.Viruses · 2022Review
- HIV co-infection augments EBV-induced tumorigenesisFrontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Epstein-Barr virus, interleukin-10 and multiple sclerosis: A ménage à trois.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Examining the dynamics of Epstein-Barr virus shedding in the tonsils and the impact of HIV-1 coinfection on daily saliva viral loads.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is transmitted by saliva and is a major cause of cancer, particularly in people living with HIV/AIDS. Here, we describe the frequency and quantity of EBV detection in the saliva of Ugandan adults with and without HIV-1 infection and use these data to develop a novel mathematical model of EBV infection in the tonsils. Eligible cohort participants were not taking antiviral medications, and those with HIV-1 infection had a CD4 count >200 cells/mm3. Over a 4-week period, participants provided daily oral swabs that we analysed for the presence and quantity of EBV. Compared with HIV-1 uninfected participants, HIV-1 coinfected participants had an increased risk of EBV detection in their saliva (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.10-1.47) and higher viral loads in positive samples. We used these data to develop a stochastic, mechanistic mathematical model that describes the dynamics of EBV, infected cells, and immune response within the tonsillar epithelium to analyse potential factors that may cause EBV infection to be more severe in HIV-1 coinfected participants. The model, fit using Approximate Bayesian Computation, showed high fidelity to daily oral shedding data and matched key summary statistics. When evaluating how model parameters differed among participants with and without HIV-1 coinfection, results suggest HIV-1 coinfected individuals have higher rates of B cell reactivation, which can seed new infection in the tonsils and lower rates of an EBV-specific immune response. Subsequently, both these traits may explain higher and more frequent EBV detection in the saliva of HIV-1 coinfected individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.