ReviewEMBO molecular medicine2021
Pathomechanisms and biomarkers in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: roles of DUX4 and PAX7.
Review in EMBO molecular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- FSHD muscle shows perturbation in fibroadipogenic progenitor cells, mitochondrial function and alternative splicing independently of inflammation.Human molecular genetics · 2024Pooled it
- High-load resistance training and FSHD: harmful mixture or a silver bullet combination?Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Sphingolipid Remodeling and Extracellular Vesicle Signatures Reflect Disease Severity in Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy Driven by Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development of a DUX4-targeting antibody oligonucleotide conjugate as a therapy for FSHD.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Biallelic PAX7 variants cause a novel Satellite Cell-opathy with progressive muscle involvement resembling facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Insights into WDR5: unveiling its functions, regulation, and impact on skeletal muscle.Epigenetics · 2025Review
- DUX4-stimulated genes define an antiviral defense program in human placental trophoblasts.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Diversity challenges and reconciles genetics in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.Journal of human genetics · 2025Review
- AAV-shDUX4 provides short-term benefits but limited long-term efficacy in a DUX4 mouse model of FSHD.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Iron supplementation alleviates pathologies in a mouse model of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- DUX4 at 25: how it emerged from "junk DNA" to become the cause of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.Skeletal muscle · 2025Review
- Estrogen rescues muscle regeneration impaired by DUX4 in a humanized xenograft mouse model.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Posttranscriptional RNA stabilization of telomeric RNAs FRG2, DBE-T, D4Z4 at human 4q35 in response to genotoxic stress and D4Z4 macrosatellite repeat length.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy: Molecular Basis and Therapeutic Opportunities.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2025Review
- The Unexplored Role of Connexin Hemichannels in Promoting Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Muscle Proteome Analysis of Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy Patients Reveals a Metabolic Rewiring Promoting Oxidative/Reductive Stress Contributing to the Loss of Muscle Function.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Temporal variation in p38-mediated regulation of DUX4 in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The role of epigenetics in rare diseases.Medizinische Genetik : Mitteilungsblatt des Berufsverbandes Medizinische Genetik e.V · 2024Article
- The DUX4-HIF1α Axis in Murine and Human Muscle Cells: A Link More Complex Than Expected.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Voluntary wheel running improves molecular and functional deficits in a murine model of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.iScience · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is characterised by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting. FSHD is linked to epigenetic derepression of the subtelomeric D4Z4 macrosatellite at chromosome 4q35. Epigenetic derepression permits the distal-most D4Z4 unit to transcribe DUX4, with transcripts stabilised by splicing to a poly(A) signal on permissive 4qA haplotypes. The pioneer transcription factor DUX4 activates target genes that are proposed to drive FSHD pathology. While this toxic gain-of-function model is a satisfying "bottom-up" genotype-to-phenotype link, DUX4 is rarely detectable in muscle and DUX4 target gene expression is inconsistent in patients. A reliable biomarker for FSHD is suppression of a target gene score of PAX7, a master regulator of myogenesis. However, it is unclear how this "top-down" finding links to genomic changes that characterise FSHD and to DUX4. Here, we explore the roles and interactions of DUX4 and PAX7 in FSHD pathology and how the relationship between these two transcription factors deepens understanding via the immune system and muscle regeneration. Considering how FSHD pathomechanisms are represented by "DUX4opathy" models has implications for developing therapies and current clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.