ReviewNeuro-oncology advances
Anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade monotherapy in the orthotopic GL261 glioma model: the devil is in the detail.
Review in Neuro-oncology advances. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Whole-Transcriptome Profiling of Murine GL261 Glioma Reveals Signatures Consistent with Distinct Immune Reprogramming Induced by Oncolytic Virotherapy with VV-GMCSF-Lact and Anti-PD-1 Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Decoding glioblastoma evolution and heterogeneity through mechanistic modeling: implications for clinical translation.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Review
- A lupus-derived autoantibody that binds to intracellular RNA activates cGAS-mediated tumor immunity and can deliver RNA into cells.Science signaling · 2025Article
- In vivo mouse models for adult brain tumors: Exploring tumorigenesis and advancing immunotherapy development.Neuro-oncology · 2024Review
- Designing Gold Nanoparticles for Precise Glioma Treatment: Challenges and Alternatives.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Traumatic Inoculation Process Affects TSPO Radioligand Uptake in Experimental Orthotopic Glioblastoma.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- [Theranostics · 2024Article
- Article
- A Cellular Ground Truth to Develop MRI Signatures in Glioma Models by Correlative Light Sheet Microscopy and Atlas-Based Coregistration.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Anti-PD-1 and Extended Half-life IL2 Synergize for Treatment of Murine Glioblastoma Independent of Host MHC Class I Expression.Cancer immunology research · 2023Article
- Interaction of glioma-associated microglia/macrophages and anti-PD1 immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- CD103Nature cancer · 2023Article
- Plasma PD-L1 as a biomarker in the clinical management of glioblastoma multiforme-a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Preclinical Study ofCells · 2022Article
- Advances in Preclinical/Clinical Glioblastoma Treatment: Can Nanoparticles Be of Help?Cancers · 2022Review
- Evaluation of Novel Inhibitors of Tryptophan Dioxygenases for Enzyme and Species Selectivity Using Engineered Tumour Cell Lines Expressing Either Murine or Human IDO1 or TDO2.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Intranasal Administration of Catechol-Based Pt(IV) Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Therapy.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Tumor-Associated Microglia and Macrophages in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Their Implications for Therapy.Cancers · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The GL261 cell line, syngeneic on the C57BL/6 background, has, since its establishment half a century ago in 1970, become the most commonly used immunocompetent murine model of glioblastoma. As immunotherapy has entered the mainstream of clinical discourse in the past decade, this model has proved its worth as a formidable opponent against various immunotherapeutic combinations. Although advances in surgical, radiological, and chemotherapeutic interventions have extended mean glioblastoma patient survival by several months, 5-year survival postdiagnosis remains below 5%. Immunotherapeutic interventions, such as the ones explored in the murine GL261 model, may prove beneficial for patients with glioblastoma. However, even common immunotherapeutic interventions in the GL261 model still have unclear efficacy, with wildly discrepant conclusions being made in the literature regarding this topic. Here, we focus on anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade monotherapy as an example of this pattern. We contend that a fine-grained analysis of how biological variables (age, sex, tumor location, etc.) predict treatment responsiveness in this preclinical model will better enable researchers to identify glioblastoma patients most likely to benefit from checkpoint blockade immunotherapy moving forward.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.