Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34150019›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of translational research2021

Cyclooxygenase-2 expressed hepatocellular carcinoma induces cytotoxic T lymphocytes exhaustion through M2 macrophage polarization.

Xiaodong Xun, Changkun Zhang, Siqi Wang, Shihua Hu, Xiao Xiang, Qian Cheng, Zhao Li, Yang Wang, Jiye Zhu

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of translational research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Orchestration of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Tumor Cell-Macrophage-CD8International journal of biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Celecoxib in oncology: targeting the COX-2/PGEFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025
    Review
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  12. Article
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  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Xiaodong XunDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Liver Cirrhosis and Cancer, UMHS-PUHSC Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research Beijing, China.
Changkun ZhangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Liver Cirrhosis and Cancer, UMHS-PUHSC Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research Beijing, China.
Siqi WangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Liver Cirrhosis and Cancer, UMHS-PUHSC Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research Beijing, China.
Shihua HuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Liver Cirrhosis and Cancer, UMHS-PUHSC Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research Beijing, China.
Xiao XiangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Liver Cirrhosis and Cancer, UMHS-PUHSC Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research Beijing, China.
Qian ChengDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Liver Cirrhosis and Cancer, UMHS-PUHSC Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research Beijing, China.
Zhao LiDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Liver Cirrhosis and Cancer, UMHS-PUHSC Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research Beijing, China.
Yang WangDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Liver Cirrhosis and Cancer, UMHS-PUHSC Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research Beijing, China.
Jiye ZhuDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Liver Cirrhosis and Cancer, UMHS-PUHSC Joint Institute for Translational and Clinical Research Beijing, China.
Peking University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveDue to the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) complexity and cancer heterogeneity, the clinical outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are barely elicited from the conventional treatment options, even from the promising anti-cancer immunotherapy. As a suppressive TIME-related marker, the role played by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in HCC TIME, and its potential effects on anti-cancer T cell immune response remains unknown. In our study, to investigate the COX-2-dependent immune regulation pathway, we verified that the macrophages phenotypes were correlated to COX-2/PGE2 expressions among HCC patients. A multi-cellular co-culture platform containing HCC cells, macrophages, and T cells were established to mimic HCC TIME in vitro and in animal model. M2 macrophage polarization and activated CD8

Indexed as

adoptive cell therapycyclooxygenase-2Hepatocellular carcinomaM2 macrophageT lymphocytes

Identifiers

PMID34150019
PMCPMC8205841
OpenAlexW3177121909

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.