Beta-blocker treatment in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation: challenges and perspectives.

Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are common conditions that share similar clinical phenotype and frequently coexist. The classification of HF in patients with preserved ejection fraction (> 50%, HFpEF), mid-range reduced EF (40%-49%, HFmrEF) and reduced EF (< 40%, HFrEF) are crucial for optimising the therapeutic approach, as each subgroup responds differently. Beta-blocker constitute an important component of our pharmacological regimen for chronic HF. Beta-blocker administration is reccomended in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction in stable sinus rhythm, due to improvement of symptoms, the better long term-outcome and survival. The beneficial role of beta-blocker use in patients with preserved EF still remain unclear, as no treatment showed a positive impact, regarding morbidity or mortality reduction. The presence of AF in HF patients increases as the disease severity evolves and is associated with a higher rate of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. But more question is the use of betablocker in HF patients irrespective of EF and concomitant AF. There are many conflicting data and publications, regarding the beta blocker benefit in this population. Generally, it is supported an attenuation of beta-blockers beneficial effect in HF patients with AF. A design of more randomised trials/studies with HF patients and concomitant AF may improve our clinical approach of beta-blockers use and identify the patients with HF, who mostly profit from an invasive approach.