ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2021
Aggression and Psychological Distress in Male and Female Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users: A Multigroup Latent Class Analysis.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Managing risks and harms associated with the use of anabolic steroids: a qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Psychological traits associated with anabolic androgenic steroid use and dependence: an exploratory cross-sectional study among female athletes.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use, Aggression, and Narcissism in Male Bodybuilders.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Clustering psychopathology in male anabolic-androgenic steroid users and nonusing weightlifters.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Female doping: observations from a data lake study in the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Finland.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Gendered perspectives on women's anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) usage practices.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- The Uses of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Among Athletes; Its Positive and Negative Aspects- A Literature Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Review
- No association between psychiatric symptoms and doses of anabolic steroids in a cohort of male and female bodybuilders.Drug testing and analysis · 2022Article
- Anabolic-androgenic steroid use is associated with psychopathy, risk-taking, anger, and physical problems.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Prohibited Substance Use and Methods by Female Athletes: Evidence of Gender-Related Differences.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
- The Impact of Doping on Cognitive Abilities and Emotional Regulation in Elite Athletes -A Neurocognitive Perspective.Current health sciences journalReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The relationship between anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use and aggression and psychological distress requires further elucidation. No previous study has examined whether the latent patterns of aggression and psychological distress are the same in male and female AAS users. Multigroup latent class analysis (MLCA) can be used to classify individuals into groups based on their responses on a set of variables, and to investigate measurement invariance across subgroups. We therefore conducted a MLCA to identify discrete subgroups of aggression and psychological distress in AAS users, and used measurement invariance to examine whether the identified subgroups can be applied to both sexes. We also examined the relationship between sex and subgroup belongingness. The sample comprised 206 AAS users (females = 58.30%) aged 14-56 (mean = 26.86,
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