ArticleTransplantation2021
Prospective Clinical, Virologic, and Immunologic Assessment of COVID-19 in Transplant Recipients.
Article in Transplantation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral cultures, cycle threshold values and viral load estimation for assessing SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness in haematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant patients: a systematic review.The Journal of hospital infection · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on Recipients of Solid Organ Transplants: A Cohort Study of In-Hospital Outcomes From the Canadian Organ Replacement Register.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2026Article
- A Single-Center Retrospective Study on Early Treatment for COVID-19 in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients During the Omicron Era: Outcomes and SARS-CoV-2 Viral Kinetics.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Characterization of the Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in COVID-19 Transplant versus Nontransplant Recipients by Ig-MS.Journal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Immunogenicity, Safety, and Breakthrough Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Multicenter Canadian Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Impact of Omicron BA.1 infection on BA.4/5 immunity in transplant recipients.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2023Article
- Short-course early outpatient remdesivir prevents severe disease due to COVID-19 in organ transplant recipients during the omicron BA.2 wave.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2023Article
- Severity of COVID-19 among solid organ transplant recipients in Canada, 2020-2021: a prospective, multicentre cohort study.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2022Article
- Homotypic and heterotypic immune responses to Omicron variant in immunocompromised patients in diverse clinical settings.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Unvaccinated Compared With Vaccinated Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Propensity Matched Cohort Study.Transplantation · 2022Article
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Induces Greater T-Cell Responses Compared to Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Insights and pearls of healthcare systems management of COVID-19 in Asia and its relevance to Asian transplant services.Korean journal of transplantation · 2021Review
- The Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccines in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.Viruses · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral studies have described the clinical features of COVID-19 in solid-organ transplant recipients. However, many have been retrospective or limited to more severe cases (hospitalized) and have not routinely included serial virological sampling (especially in outpatients) and immunologic assessment.
methodsTransplant patients diagnosed with COVID-19 based on a respiratory sample PCR were prospectively followed up to 90 d. Patients provided consent for convalescent serum samples and serial nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 antibody (antinucleoprotein and anti-RBD) and viral load, respectively.
resultsIn the 161 SOT recipients diagnosed with COVID-19, the spectrum of disease ranged from asymptomatic infection (4.3%) to hospitalization (60.6%), supplemental oxygen requirement (43.1%), mechanical ventilation (22.7%), and death (15.6%). Increasing age (OR, 1.031; 95% CI, 1.001-1.062; P = 0.046) and ≥2 comorbid conditions (OR, 3.690; 95% CI, 1.418-9.615; P = 0.007) were associated with the need for supplemental oxygen. Allograft rejection was uncommon (3.7%) despite immunosuppression modification. Antibody response at ≥14 d postsymptoms onset was present in 90% (anti-RBD) and 76.7% (anti-NP) with waning of anti-NP titers and stability of anti-RBD over time. Median duration of nasopharyngeal positivity was 10.0 d (IQR, 5.5-18.0) and shedding beyond 30 d was observed in 6.7% of patients. The development of antibody did not have an impact on viral shedding.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates the spectrum of COVID-19 illness in transplant patients. Risk factors for severe disease are identified. The majority form antibody by 2 wk with differential stability over time. Prolonged viral shedding was observed in a minority of patients. Reduction of immunosuppression was a safe strategy.
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