ArticleAIDS (London, England)2021
HIV-1 viral blips are associated with repeated and increasingly high levels of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA transcriptional activity.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Statin Treatment in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- New Data and Next Steps for Clarifying How the Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Influences Viral Blips and HIV Reservoir Size.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Persistent cell-associated HIV-1 RNA in virally suppressed individuals on INSTI-based ART.Journal of virus eradication · 2025Article
- A Comparison of the Risk of Viral Load Blips in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients on Two-Drug Versus Three-Drug Antiretroviral Regimens.Infectious disease reports · 2025Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy Within 2 Years of HIV Acquisition Is Associated With Fewer Viral Blips: A Retrospective Analysis of More Than 20 Years of Data From the US Military HIV Natural History Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Higher levels of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA transcripts predict risk of viral blips: implications for clinical management and cure research.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- No Association Between HIV-1 Subtype and Primary Resistance Mutations with CD4 Reconstitution During Effective Antiretroviral Treatment: An Observational, Cohort Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
- A micro-disc-based multiplex method for monitoring emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants using the molecular diagnostic tool Intelli-OVI.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Integration of Image Pattern Recognition and Photon Sensor for Analyzing Cytokine Gene Expression Using πCode MicroDisc.Biosensors · 2024Article
- Low-level viremia episodes appear to affect the provirus composition of the circulating cellular HIV reservoir during antiretroviral therapy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Preservation of functionality, immunophenotype, and recovery of HIV RNA from PBMCs cryopreserved for more than 20 years.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 RNA and CD4+ T-Cell Counts Are Determinants of Virological Nonsuppression Outcomes With Initial Integrase Inhibitor-Based Regimens: A Prospective RESPOND Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- The Evolution of Assessing Central Nervous System Complications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Where Do We Go From Here?The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Meaningful cognitive decline is uncommon in virally suppressed HIV, but sustained impairment, subtle decline and abnormal cognitive aging are not.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Tracking the clonal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in children and adults with mild/asymptomatic COVID-19.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2023Article
- Elevation of cell-associated HIV-1 transcripts in CSF CD4+ T cells, despite effective antiretroviral therapy, is linked to brain injury.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Quantitative Evaluation of Very Low Levels of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by a Novel Highly Sensitive RT-qPCR Assay.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Editorial: Infectious Agent-Induced Chronic Immune Activation: Causes, Phenotypes, and Consequences.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSome HIV+ patients, virally suppressed on ART, show occasional 'blips' of detectable HIV-1 plasma RNA. We used a new highly sensitive assay of cell-associated HIV-1 RNA to measure transcriptional activity in PBMCs and production of infectious virus from the viral reservoir, in patients with and without 'blips'. DESIGN/
methodsRNA and DNA extracted from cells in 6 ml of peripheral blood, from suppressed patients with one to two 'blip' episodes over the past 2 years of ART (n = 55), or no 'blips' (n = 52), were assayed for HIV-1 RNA transcripts and proviral DNA targeting the highly conserved 'R' region of the LTR. Follow-up samples were also collected. Purified CD4+ T cells were cultured with anti-CD3/CD28/CD2 T-cell activator to amplify transcription and measure replication competent virus.
resultsHIV-1 RNA transcripts ranged from 1.3 to 5415 copies/106 white blood cells. 'Blip' patients had significantly higher levels vs. without blips (median 192 vs. 49; P = 0.0007), which correlated with: higher levels of inducible transcripts after activation in vitro, sustained higher HIV-1 transcription levels in follow-up samples along with increasing HIV-1 DNA in some, and production of replication-competent HIV-1.
conclusionViral 'blips' are significant reflecting higher transcriptional activity from the reservoir and contribute to the reservoir over time. This sensitive assay can be used in monitoring the size and activity of the HIV-1 reservoir and will be useful in HIV-1 cure strategies.
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