ArticleJournal of epidemiology2022
Skipping Breakfast and Eating Breakfast Away From Home Were Prospectively Associated With Emotional and Behavioral Problems in 115,217 Chinese Adolescents.
Article in Journal of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of Skipping Breakfast with Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Longitudinal Associations Between Breakfast Consumption, Sleep Duration and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Self-esteem patterns and the associations with health-related quality of life, self-rated health and lifestyle behaviour among junior high school students: a latent class analysis.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Skipping Breakfast and Lunch, as Well as Reducing Milk and Dairy Intake, Is Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Pregnant Adolescents.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Current status and related factors of breakfast skipping among adolescents aged 12-15 years in Shandong Province, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Breakfast skipping and its association with adolescent bullying victimization: a large-scale multicenter cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Association of Breakfast Food Types with Dietary Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among School-Aged Children.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Association Between Skipping Breakfast and Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents-A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Meal skipping among adolescents in the Philippines: prevalence, associated factors, and associations with dietary, mental health, and health risk behavioural outcomes.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Longitudinal association of breakfast and midnight snacks with depressive symptoms in China multi-ethnic adolescents.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Serial mediation effect of physical activity and sleep quality between dietary behaviour and depression symptoms: A nationwide cross-sectional survey.Journal of global health · 2024Article
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- Breakfast Frequency and Sleep Quality in College Students: The Multiple Mediating Effects of Sleep Chronotypes and Depressive Symptoms.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Clinical and physical characteristics of thinness in adolescents: the HELENA study.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- The individual and combined associations of health behaviours with health-related quality of life amongst junior high school students in China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Skipping Breakfast and Incidence of Frequent Alcohol Drinking in University Students in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreakfast is deemed the most important meal of the day. We examined the prospective associations of breakfast habits with emotional/behavioral problems in adolescents and potential effect modification.
methods115,217 Primary 6 students (United States Grade 6; mean age, 11.9; standard deviation [SD], 0.59 years) who attended the Student Health Service of Department of Health in Hong Kong in 2004/05, 2006/07, 2008/09 were followed till Secondary 6 (United States Grade 12). Emotional/behavioral problems were biennially examined using Youth Self-Report since Secondary 2 (United States Grade 8). Lifestyles were biennially examined using standardized questionnaires since Primary 6. Prospective associations of breakfast habit with emotional/behavioral problems and potential effect modification were examined using generalized estimating equations.
resultsCompared with eating breakfast at home, eating breakfast away from home was significantly associated with total emotional/behavioral problems and seven syndromes, including withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behaviors, and aggressive behaviors (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] 1.22-2.04), while skipping breakfast showed stronger associations with the above problems and social problems (AORs 1.34-2.29). Stronger associations were observed in younger students for total and attention problems (P < 0.03) and in those with lower weight status for delinquent behaviors (P = 0.005).
conclusionEating breakfast away from home and especially skipping breakfast were prospectively associated with adolescent emotional/behavioral problems. The associations weakened with increasing age for total emotional/behavioral and attention problems, and weakened with higher weight status for delinquent behaviors, highlighting the vulnerability of younger and underweight children. If the associations are causal, increasing home breakfast may reduce adolescent emotional/behavioral problems and benefit psychosocial health.
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