ArticleMaternal and child health journal2022
The Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) and Pregnancy-Associated Mortality in Louisiana, 2016-2017.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interpersonal, Community/Environmental, and Societal Risk and Protective Factors for Gestational Diabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among Black Women in the United States: A Systematic Review.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Pooled it
- Investigating the implementation of infection prevention and control practices in neonatal care across country income levels: a systematic review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Pooled it
- Structural racism and adverse maternal health outcomes: A systematic review.Health & place · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The relative importance of neighborhood environment features in explaining preeclampsia risk using machine learning.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Racialized economic concentration predicts storm-related injuries and deaths in the United States, 2005-2022.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Racialized Economic Segregation and Disparities in the Risk of Stillbirth.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Spatial Analysis of Flood Risk, Neighborhood Characteristics, and Chronic Health Conditions in North Carolina.GeoHealth · 2026Article
- Measuring the spatial scale of structural racism and discrimination: Consequences for estimated life expectancy.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- A Standard Measure of Structural Racism, Do We Have One? Can We Have One? A Narrative Review of Commonly Used Measures and Domains of Use.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Review
- Effects of Sociospatial Inequality on Exposure to Stress, Symptoms of Depression, and Cortisol Rhythms in Pregnancy.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2025Observational
- Historical redlining and mortality in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer in California, 2000-2019.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Association Between Severity of COVID-19 and Social Determinants of Health with Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a Study of Mother-Infant Pairs in Los Angeles, California.Women (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Using spatial Bayesian models to estimate associations between structural racial discrimination and disparities in severe maternal morbidity.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Measuring Spatial Social Polarization in Public Health Research: A Scoping Review of Methods and Applications.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Mental health disparities among maternal populations following heatwave exposure in North Carolina (2011-2019): a matched analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Associations Between Self-Reported Experiences of Discrimination, Socioeconomic and Racial Polarization, and Birth Outcomes in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child Cohort.Environmental justice (Print) · 2024Article
- Instruments for racial health equity: a scoping review of structural racism measurement, 2019-2021.Epidemiologic reviews · 2024Article
- Place-Based Differences in the Association Between Greenspace and Suicide-Related Outcomes Among Young People.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2024Article
- Neighborhood-level racialized socioeconomic deprivation and contraceptive use in the United States, 2011-2019.Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesSocial and contextual factors underlying the continually disproportionate and burdensome risk of adverse health outcomes experienced by Black women in the US are underexplored in the literature. The aim of this study was to use an index based on area-level population distributions of race and income to predict risk of death during pregnancy and up to 1 year postpartum among women in Louisiana.
methodsUsing vital records data provided by the Louisiana Department of Health 2016-2017 (n = 125,537), a modified Poisson model was fit with generalized estimating equations to examine the risk of pregnancy-associated death associated with census tract-level values of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE)-grouped by tertile-while adjusting for both individual and tract-level confounders.
resultsAnalyses resulted in an estimated 1.73 (95% CI 1.02-2.93) times increased risk for pregnancy-associated death for those in areas which were characterized by concentrated deprivation (high proportions of Black and low-income residents) relative to those in areas of concentrated privilege (high proportions of white and high-income residents), independent of other factors. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE: In addition to continuing to consider the deeply entrenched racism and economic inequality that shape the experience of pregnancy-associated death, we must also consider their synergistic effect on access to resources, maternal population health, and health inequities.
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