Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34148130›Full record

ReviewChild's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery2021

Post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus is associated with poorer surgical and neurodevelopmental sequelae than other causes of infant hydrocephalus.

Malak Mohamed, Saniya Mediratta, Aswin Chari, Cristine Sortica da Costa, Greg James, William Dawes, Kristian Aquilina

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The significance and utility of ventricular access devices in children with proximal CSF shunt malfunction.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Paediatric hydrocephalus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Malak MohamedUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK. malakmohamedz@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-6420
Saniya MedirattaDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital & University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Aswin ChariUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Cristine Sortica da CostaDepartment of Neonatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
Greg JamesDepartment of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
William DawesDepartment of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
Kristian AquilinaUCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Great Ormond Street Hospital · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GBUniversity of Leeds · GBUniversity of Liverpool · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/T005297/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the surgical and neurodevelopmental outcomes (NDO) of infant hydrocephalus. We also sought to determine whether these outcomes are disproportionately poorer in post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) compared to other causes of infant hydrocephalus.

methodsA review of all infants with hydrocephalus who had ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts inserted at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) from 2008 to 2018 was performed. Demographic, surgical, neurodevelopmental, and other clinical data extracted from electronic patient notes were analysed by aetiology. Shunt survival, NDO, cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, speech delay, education, behavioural disorders, endocrine dysfunction, and mortality were evaluated.

resultsA total of 323 infants with median gestational age of 37.0 (23.29-42.14) weeks and birthweight of 2640 g (525-4684 g) were evaluated. PHH was the most common aetiology (31.9%) and was associated with significantly higher 5-year shunt revision rates, revisions beyond a year, and median number of revisions than congenital or "other" hydrocephalus (all p < 0.02). Cox regression demonstrated poorest shunt survival in PHH, related to gestational age at birth and corrected age at shunt insertion. PHH also had the highest rate of severe disabilities, increasing with age to 65.0% at 10 years, as well as the highest CP rate; only genetic hydrocephalus had significantly higher endocrine dysfunction (p = 0.01) and mortality rates (p = 0.04).

conclusionsInfants with PHH have poorer surgical and NDO compared to all other aetiologies, except genetic hydrocephalus. Research into measures of reducing neurodisability following PHH is urgently required. Long-term follow-up is essential to optimise support and outcomes.

Indexed as

HydrocephalusInfant, Premature, DiseasesAgedCerebral HemorrhageHumansInfantInfant, NewbornRetrospective StudiesVentriculoperitoneal ShuntHydrocephalusIntraventricular haemorrhageNeonatesNeurodevelopmental outcomeVentriculoperitoneal shunts

Identifiers

PMID34148130
PMCPMC8578110
OpenAlexW3176083659

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.