ArticleResearch in developmental disabilities2021
COVID-19 and behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder: Disparities by income and food security status.
Article in Research in developmental disabilities, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feeding Behaviours in Families With Children or Young People With Autism: A Systematic Review.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Food Insecurity in Families With Children or Young People With Autism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Challenging behaviors across COVID-19 in young children with rare neurogenetic conditions: A seven-year, cross-syndrome analysis.Child development · 2026Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health and Wellbeing of Children with Special Education Needs and Disabilities: A Systematic Review.Review journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Review
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts on Behavioral and Emotional Health of Young Children With Autism.JAACAP open · 2025Article
- Rising Rates of Obesity Amongst Children on the Autism Spectrum During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Autistic Children and Their Families.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Outcomes in Autistic Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024Article
- Impact of Climate Change, Food Insecurity, and COVID-19 on the Health of Neonates and Children: A Narrative Review.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2023Review
- Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Children with ASD-The Lessons That We Learned from the Pandemic.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on sleep for autistic children: A systematic review.Research in autism spectrum disorders · 2023Review
- Efficacy of coping mechanisms used during COVID-19 as reported by parents of children with autism.PloS one · 2023Article
- Parents' personality, parenting stress, and problem behaviors of children with special needs in China before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Pandemic and Autism Spectrum Disorder, Consequences to Children and Adolescents - a Systematic Review.Review journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2022Review
- Psychosocial Functioning and the Educational Experiences of Students with ASD during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A Pediatrician's Guide to Working with Children on the Autism Spectrum in Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Beyond: Retrospect and Prospect.Advances in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Management and support of individuals with developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.Research in developmental disabilities · 2022Article
- The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of children with autism spectrum disorder: Parents' perspectives.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic for people with autism and their family members: A scoping review.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2022Article
- The Role of Occupational Therapy in Managing Food Selectivity of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResearch on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is lacking.
aimsThis study investigates the relationship between COVID-19 and behaviors of children with ASD living in the United States. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Parents and caregivers (n = 200) across the United States, as proxies for children 2-17 years of age with ASD, participated in an online survey querying changes in overall behavior and 15 specific behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of a moderate-to-large impact on the child's overall behavior with household income level and food security status. OUTCOMES AND
resultsA majority of respondents reported a moderate-to-large impact on the child's overall behavior (74 %) due to COVID-19. Several specific behaviors were also affected. Stratifying by income level and food security status revealed disparities in the impact on overall behavior and most specific behaviors. Compared to a household income ≥$100 K, an income <$50 K was associated with an increased risk of moderate-to-large impact on the child's overall behavior (odds ratio (OR): 4.07, 95 % CI: 1.60, 10.38). Food insecurity also significantly impacted this risk, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors (OR: 3.31, 95 % CI: 1.13, 9.66). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our findings show a large proportion of caregivers reporting moderate-to-large changes post-COVID-19 in the behaviors of U.S. children with ASD, particularly in families with low income and/or food insecurity. This study highlights the effects of existing disparities on children with ASD and their families during this unprecedented time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.