ReviewInfectious agents and cancer2021
Human papillomavirus self-sampling versus standard clinician-sampling for cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Review in Infectious agents and cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2023Pooled it
- Veil-Based Collector Device Enabling Self-Collected Cervicovaginal Sampling for Site-of-Care Primary HPV-Based Cervical Cancer and Sexually Transmitted Infections Screening: A Pilot Feasibility Study in Romania.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Global and Regional Diagnostic Results of Progress Toward Cervical Cancer Elimination, According to the WHO Strategy: A Systematic Literature Review with Narrative SynthesisDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- HPV Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening in Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Article
- Differential Uptake and Release of Female Genital Secretions Components and HPV DNA by Veil, Swab, and Vaginal Tampon.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Is there a difference in sample adequacy when vaginal HPV DNA samples are self-collected at home, a health post, or a primary care health center in rural Ethiopia? Implications for community cervical cancer screening.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators for implementation of HPV-based cervical cancer screening in Tanzania: a qualitative study among healthcare providers, stakeholders, and Tanzanian women.Global health action · 2025Article
- Syndemic Synergy of HPV, HIV, and HSV-2 for Oncogenic HPV Replication in Female Sex Workers.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Successful Retrieval of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Veil-Based Collected Female Genital Secretions After Long-Term Storage in Universal Transport Medium.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Acceptability of human papillomavirus self-sampling among women living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Human papillomavirus self-sampling versus provider-sampling in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of accuracy, acceptability, cost, uptake, and equity.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Self-sampling and HPV DNA testing for cervical precancer screening in a cohort of nuns in Ghana: a cross-sectional cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Mapping digital health ecosystems in Africa in the context of endemic infectious and non-communicable diseases.NPJ digital medicine · 2023Article
- Experiences of human papillomavirus self-sampling by women >60 years old: A qualitative study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2023Article
- Comparison of human papillomavirus-based cervical cancer screening strategies in Tanzania among women with and without HIV.International journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Co-creation of human papillomavirus self-sampling delivery strategies for cervical cancer screening in rural Zimbabwe: nominal group technique.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Frequency of cervical premalignant lesions in the gynecologic patients of a tertiary hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia.BMC women's health · 2022Article
- The Influence of Vaginal HPV Self-Sampling on the Efficacy of Populational Screening for Cervical Cancer-An Umbrella Review.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection remains a major health threat in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). HPV self-sampling could help find and treat cervical cancer at an early stage. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of HPV self-sampling over the standard health facility-based clinician-sampling for cervical cancer screening through a systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials.
methodWe searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrial.gov, and the WHO Global Health Library for articles in SSA published as of 31 May 2020. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines for the design and reporting of the results. We included randomized control trials that compared HPV self-sampling with the standard of care. The primary endpoint was uptake of cervical cancer screening service. The secondary endpoints were linkage to care, acceptability, screening frequency, and adverse events. We used RevMan V.5.3 software for statistical analysis. We computed random-effect model to provide pooled estimates of available data and I-squared (I
resultOf 77 citations, we included four trials from Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Uganda, encompassing 8200 participants with age ranging from 25 to 65 years. The pooled analysis showed significantly higher uptake of cervical cancer screening in women who used HPV self-sampling (risk ratio [RR] 1.72, 95% CI 1.58-1.87; p = 0.01), while this had a considerable heterogeneity as explained by subgroup analysis. Uptake was higher in women who were offered sampling kit at home or work (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.80-2.33) and those who's kit was mailed to or invited to a nearby health center (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.58-1.72, I
conclusionHPV self-sampling is an effective and feasible alternative to the standard health facility-based clinician-sampling for cervical cancer screening in SSA. It could improve the uptake of cervical cancer screening and harness the global strategy towards elimination of cervical cancer by 2030.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.