ReviewCancer medicine2021
Current progress in chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for glioblastoma multiforme.
Review in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- CAR T-Cell Therapy in Neurology: A Scoping Review of Neuro-Oncology, Autoimmune Diseases & Neurotoxicity.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Advances and challenges in CAR-T cell therapy for breast cancer: from molecular design to clinical application.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Review
- FcγR-driven chimeric receptor T cells in cancer therapy: a novel frontier in antibody-guided immunotherapy.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Bridging biomaterials and immunotherapy: hydrogel strategies for next-generation CAR-T cell treatment.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Cyclodextrin-Based Formulations as a Promising Strategy to Overcome the Blood-Brain Barrier: Historical Overview and Prospects in Glioblastoma Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Universal CAR-T Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment: Advances and Challenges.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Review
- Local therapy in glioma: An evolving paradigm from history to horizons (Review).Oncology letters · 2024Review
- CAR‑T cell therapy: A breakthrough in traditional cancer treatment strategies (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2024Review
- Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Advances in Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Approaches for Gliomas: A Comprehensive Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Updates in Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: An Overview of the Current Clinical and Translational Scenario.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Biomimetic nanotherapeutics for targeted drug delivery to glioblastoma multiforme.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Review
- Photodynamic therapy and associated targeting methods for treatment of brain cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Targeting the dendritic cell-T cell axis to develop effective immunotherapies for glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- CAR-T cells neurotoxicity from consolidated practice in hematological malignancies to fledgling experience in CNS tumors: fill the gap.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Multimodal targeting of glioma with functionalized nanoparticles.Cancer cell international · 2022Review
- Current progress in chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for glioblastoma multiforme.Cancer medicine · 2021Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest brain tumors with an unfavorable prognosis and overall survival of approximately 20 months following diagnosis. The current treatment for GBM includes surgical resections and chemo- and radiotherapeutic modalities, which are not effective. CAR-T immunotherapy has been proven effective for CD19-positive blood malignancies, and the application of CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors including GBM offers great hope for this aggressive tumor which has a limited response to current treatments. CAR-T technology depends on the use of patient-specific T cells genetically engineered to express specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Interaction of CAR-T cells with tumor cells triggers the destruction/elimination of these cells by the induction of cytotoxicity and the release of different cytokines. Despite the great promise of CAR-T cell-based therapy several challenges exist. These include the heterogeneity of GBM cancer cells, aberrant various signaling pathways involved in tumor progression, antigen escape, the hostile inhibitory GBM microenvironment, T cell dysfunction, blood-brain barrier, and defective antigen presentation. All need to be addressed before full application at the clinical level can begin. Herein we provide a focused review of the rationale for the use of different types of CAR-T cells (including FcγRs), the different GBM-associated antigens, the challenges still facing CAR-T-based therapy, and means to overcome such challenges. Finally, we enumerate currently completed and ongoing clinical trials, highlighting the different ways such trials are designed to overcome specific problems. Exploitation of the full potential of CAR-T cell therapy for GBM depends on their solution.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.