ArticlePharmaceutical research2021
Epicutaneous Allergen Administration with Microneedles as a Novel Method of Immunotherapy for House Dust Mite (HDM) Allergic Rhinitis.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rethinking asthma therapy, part 2: transdermal strategies for adjunct asthma and allergy treatments.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Insights Into House Dust Mites Immunotherapy-Induced Desensitization for Sustained Protection of Allergic Rhinitis in Mice.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- Microneedles in Allergy Immunotherapy: the Present and Future.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Allergic-Specific Immunotherapy Using InjectableAllergy, asthma & immunology research · 2025Article
- Advancing immunotherapy using biomaterials to control tissue, cellular, and molecular level immune signaling in skin.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- New approaches to immunotherapy in house dust mite allergy.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2023Article
- Allergic Rhinitis: What Do We Know About Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy?Frontiers in allergy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEpicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) is being studied as a method for treating allergic rhinitis because of skin immunology, user convenience and enhanced patient compliance. However, the use of EPIT is limited because of the very low skin permeability of the allergen. In this study, the limitations of EPIT were overcome by using sophisticated delivery with microneedles. The immunological efficacy of this method was studied in a murine model of house dust mite (HDM) allergic rhinitis.
methodsThe length of the microneedles was 400 μm, and the coating formulation containing HDM was locally distributed near the end of the microneedle tips. The change of distribution of FITC-dextran in porcine skin in vitro was observed over time using a confocal microscope. The effect of immunotherapy in the allergic rhinitis model, sensitized by HDM-coated microneedles (HDM MNs), was observed according to the amount of HDM applied.
resultsThe microneedles delivered the coating formulation with precision into the porcine skin layer, and the coated formulation on the microneedles was all dissolved in the porcine skin in vitro within 20 min of administration and then gradually diffused into the skin layer. When HDM MNs were administered to mice, a 0.1-μg dose of HDM provided the most effective immunization, and improved efficacy was shown between 0.1- and 0.5- μg doses of HDM.
conclusionsEffective immunotherapy can be achieved by precision delivery of the allergen into the skin layer, and microneedles can provide effective immunological therapy by delivering the appropriate amount of allergen.
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Registered trials
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