Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34145344›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Predictors of free-roaming domestic dogs' contact network centrality and their relevance for rabies control.

Charlotte Warembourg, Guillaume Fournié, Mahamat Fayiz Abakar, Danilo Alvarez, Monica Berger-González, Terence Odoch, Ewaldus Wera, Grace Alobo, Elfrida Triasny Ludvina Carvallo, Valentin Dingamnayal Bal and 8 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Rabies research in Uganda - A scoping review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Child Mortality and Nutritional Risks in Rural Chad: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Béré.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  9. Canine contact networks: A survey-based study of dog contacts and activities.The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Rabies in the Tropics.Current tropical medicine reports · 2022
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.

Charlotte WarembourgVeterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. charlotte.warembourg@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
Guillaume FourniéRoyal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK.
Mahamat Fayiz AbakarInstitut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement, N'Djaména, Chad.
Danilo AlvarezUniversidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Monica Berger-GonzálezUniversidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Terence OdochCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Ewaldus WeraKupang State Agricultural Polytechnic (Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang), West Timor, Indonesia.
Grace AloboCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Elfrida Triasny Ludvina CarvalloAnimal Health Division, Agricultural Department of Sikka Regency, Flores, Indonesia.
Valentin Dingamnayal BalInstitut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement, N'Djaména, Chad.
Alexis Leonel López HernandezUniversidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Enos MadayeInstitut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement, N'Djaména, Chad.
Filipe Maximiano SousaVeterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Abakar NaminouInstitut de Recherche en Elevage pour le Développement, N'Djaména, Chad.
Pablo RoquelUniversidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Sonja HartnackSection of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Jakob ZinsstagSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
Salome DürrVeterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Association Sahélienne de Recherche Appliquée pour le Développement Durable · TDUniversidad del Valle de Guatemala · GTUniversity of Bern · CHMakerere University · UGSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute · CHUniversitas Muhammadiyah Kupang · IDUniversity of London · GBUniversity of Zurich · CH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Free roaming domestic dogs (FRDD) are the main vectors for rabies transmission to humans worldwide. To eradicate rabies from a dog population, current recommendations focus on random vaccination with at least 70% coverage. Studies suggest that targeting high-risk subpopulations could reduce the required vaccination coverage, and increase the likelihood of success of elimination campaigns. The centrality of a dog in a contact network can be used as a measure of its potential contribution to disease transmission. Our objectives were to investigate social networks of FRDD in eleven study sites in Chad, Guatemala, Indonesia and Uganda, and to identify characteristics of dogs, and their owners, associated with their centrality in the networks. In all study sites, networks had small-world properties and right-skewed degree distributions, suggesting that vaccinating highly connected dogs would be more effective than random vaccination. Dogs were more connected in rural than urban settings, and the likelihood of contacts was negatively correlated with the distance between dogs' households. While heterogeneity in dog's connectedness was observed in all networks, factors predicting centrality and likelihood of contacts varied across networks and countries. We therefore hypothesize that the investigated dog and owner characteristics resulted in different contact patterns depending on the social, cultural and economic context. We suggest to invest into understanding of the sociocultural structures impacting dog ownership and thus driving dog ecology, a requirement to assess the potential of targeted vaccination in dog populations.

Indexed as

Contact TracingAnimalsDisease VectorsDog DiseasesDogsHumansPublic Health SurveillanceRabiesRisk FactorsSentinel Surveillance

Identifiers

PMID34145344
PMCPMC8213792
OpenAlexW3168367758

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.