ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2021
Complex Autoantibody Responses Occur following Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Natural anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies are associated with lower risk for depression and PTSD symptoms after traumatic brain injury.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neurocognitive Aging Following Acute Illness: Pathobiology and a Framework for Developing Neurotherapeutic Agents.Brain and behavior · 2026Review
- NF-κB activation in astrocytes impairs wound healing after traumatic brain injury in male mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- From Traumatic Brain Injury to Alzheimer's Disease: Multilevel Biomechanical, Neurovascular, and Molecular Mechanisms with Emerging Therapeutic Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Concussion is associated with multiple sclerosis if it occurs before infectious mononucleosis.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Inflammatory, White Matter, and Neurodegenerative Mechanisms in Fluid Ability Decrements in Chronic Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury.Journal of neurotrauma · 2025Article
- Brain injury biomarkers and applications in neurological diseases.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- Effects of Lifetime Exposure to Sports-Related Head Impacts on Brain Injury and Inflammatory Blood Biomarkers Among Former Middle-Aged Athletes.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Pathophysiological pathways of post-traumatic stress disorder in relation to traumatic brain injury: An observational cross-sectional study.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- The immunological landscape of traumatic brain injury: insights from pathophysiology to experimental models.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Circulating Brain-Reactive Autoantibody Profiles in Military Breachers Exposed to Repetitive Occupational Blast.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Immune Response in Traumatic Brain Injury.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Fluid biomarkers of chronic traumatic brain injury.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- The Emerging Role of Immunoglobulins and Complement in the Stimulation of Neuronal Activity and Repair: Not as Simple as We Thought.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Article
- The immunobiology of herpes simplex virus encephalitis and post-viral autoimmunity.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Review
- New-onset autoantibodies to selenoprotein P following severe burn injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury in the Long-COVID Era.Neurotrauma reports · 2024Review
- Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Fluid-Based Protein Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury: The View from the Bedside.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Most of the variation in outcome following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unexplained by currently recognized prognostic factors. Neuroinflammation may account for some of this difference. We hypothesized that TBI generated variable autoantibody responses between individuals that would contribute to outcome. We developed a custom protein microarray to detect autoantibodies to both CNS and systemic Ags in serum from the acute-phase (the first 7 d), late (6-12 mo), and long-term (6-13 y) intervals after TBI in human patients. We identified two distinct patterns of immune response to TBI. The first was a broad response to the majority of Ags tested, predominantly IgM mediated in the acute phase, then IgG dominant at late and long-term time points. The second was responses to specific Ags, most frequently myelin-associated glycopeptide (MAG), which persisted for several months post-TBI but then subsequently resolved. Exploratory analyses suggested that patients with a greater acute IgM response experienced worse outcomes than predicted from current known risk factors, suggesting a direct or indirect role in worsening outcome. Furthermore, late persistence of anti-MAG IgM autoantibodies correlated with raised serum neurofilament light concentrations at these time points, suggesting an association with ongoing neurodegeneration over the first year postinjury. Our results show that autoantibody production occurs in some individuals following TBI, can persist for many years, and is associated with worse patient outcome. The complexity of responses means that conventional approaches based on measuring responses to single antigenic targets may be misleading.
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