Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34145004›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2021

Participant education, spousal education and dementia risk in a diverse cohort of members of an integrated health care delivery system in Northern California.

Paola Gilsanz, Elizabeth Rose Mayeda, Chloe W Eng, Oanh L Meyer, M Maria Glymour, Charles P Quesenberry, Rachel A Whitmer

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Consideration of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders from a global perspective.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022
    Article
  6. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Paola GilsanzBehavioral Health and Aging, Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA paola.gilsanz@kp.org.ORCID 0000-0002-7635-381X
Elizabeth Rose MayedaDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Chloe W EngDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Oanh L MeyerDepartment of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.
M Maria GlymourDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9644-3081
Charles P QuesenberryBiostatistics Core, Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Rachel A WhitmerBehavioral Health and Aging, Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA.
Kaiser Permanente · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of California, Davis · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Core CenterP30AG010129 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI DECARLI, CHARLES · 1991 to 2020
$28.3M
Lifecourse health, cerebral pathology and ethnic disparities in dementia (KHANDLE Study)R01AG052132 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI GILSANZ, PAOLA, GLYMOUR, MEDELLENA MARIA · 2021 to 2025
$18.0M
Epidemiology of Age-related Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Brain Pathology in a Multiethnic Cohort of Oldest-Old - Administrative SupplementRF1AG056519 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI CORRADA, MARIA, WHITMER, RACHEL A · 2017 to 2020
$13.4M
Lifecourse health, cerebral pathology and ethnic disparities in dementiaRF1AG052132 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI DECARLI, CHARLES, GLYMOUR, MEDELLENA MARIA · 2016 to 2016
$13.1M
Scientific and Technical CoreP2CHD041022 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI PATRICK C. HEUVELINE · 2016 to 2026
$6.9M
Early Vascular Contributions to Dementia Risk in African-AmericansRF1AG050782 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI WHITMER, RACHEL A · 2017 to 2017
$3.8M
Contributions of educational quality and occupational complexity on racial and ethnic inequities in brain health and Alzheimer's disease and related dementiaR01AG066132 · NIA · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI GILSANZ, PAOLA · 2019 to 2023
$2.0M
Racial Disparities in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: The Role of Blood Pressure Throughout AdulthoodR00AG053410 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MAYEDA, ELIZABETH ROSE · 2018 to 2020
$710k
A Culturally-Relevant Approach to Reducing Dementia Caregiver Stress in an Underserved PopulationK01AG052646 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI MEYER, OANH L · 2016 to 2019
$515k
NIA NIH HHS K01 AG052646NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010129NIA NIH HHS R00 AG053410NIA NIH HHS R01 AG052132NIA NIH HHS R01 AG066132NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG050782NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG052132NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG056519NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD041022
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe role of spousal education on dementia risk and how it may differ by gender or race/ethnicity is unknown. This study examines the association between one's own education separate from and in conjunction with spousal education and risk of dementia.

designCohort.

settingKaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), an integrated health care delivery system.

participants8835 members of KPNC who were aged 40-55, married and reported own and spousal education in 1964-1973. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Dementia cases were identified through medical records from 1 January 1996 to 30 September 2017.

methodsOwn and spousal education was self-reported in 1964-1973 and each was classified as four indicator variables (≤high school, trade school/some college, college degree and postgraduate) and as ≥college degree versus <college degree. Age as timescale weighted Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographics and health indicators evaluated associations between participant education, spousal education and dementia risk overall and by gender and race/ethnicity.

resultsThe cohort was 37% non-white, 46% men and 30% were diagnosed with dementia during follow-up from 1996 to 2017 (mean follow-up=12.7 years). Greater participant education was associated with lower dementia risk independent of spousal education, demographics and health indicators. Greater spousal education was associated with lower dementia adjusting for demographics but became non-significant after further adjustment for participant education. The same pattern was seen for spousal education ≥college degree (not adjusting for participant education HR

conclusionIn a large diverse cohort, we found that higher levels of participant's own education were associated with lower dementia risk regardless of spousal education. An inverse association between spousal education and dementia risk was also present, however, the effects became non-significant after adjusting for participant education.

Indexed as

DementiaCaliforniaCohort StudiesDelivery of Health CareEducational StatusFemaleHumansMaleRisk Factorsdementiaepidemiologypublic health

Identifiers

PMID34145004
PMCPMC8215232
OpenAlexW3171251230

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.