ArticleJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2022
Specific Dietary Protein Sources Are Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.
Article in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cheese consumption and multiple health outcomes: an umbrella review and updated meta-analysis of prospective studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Association between fish-related metabolites and metabolic syndrome risk factors in Japan: INTERLIPID metabolome -wide association study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Observational
- Latent health behavior classes and associations with depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome among women with and without HIV in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study.Journal of health psychology · 2026Article
- Dairy Intake in Relation to Prediabetes and Continuous Glycemic Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Current developments in nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of diet high in processed meat from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Eggs and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Update of Recent Evidence.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- White Meat Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Review of Recent Prospective Cohort Studies.Nutrients · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPuerto Rican adults residing in the US mainland experience a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). A diet containing healthy protein-rich sources may help control risk factors for MetS.
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate 2-year longitudinal associations between intake of various protein-rich foods and changes in the six MetS components.
designThis is a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study using data from the baseline (2004-2007) and 2-year follow-up visits (2006-2011) in the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study. PARTICIPANTS/
settingParticipants were self-identified Puerto Ricans, aged 45 to 75 years, residing in Boston, Massachusetts, or the surrounding area (n = 1,126).
main outcome measuresMetS components were fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and waist circumference. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Baseline intake of foods reported in a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire were expressed as servings/day, and protein-rich foods were categorized as unprocessed white meat, unprocessed red meat, processed meat, milk and yogurt, cheese, fish and seafood, beans, nuts, and eggs. Associations between each continuous protein food group and continuous 2-year change in MetS components were assessed using linear mixed models adjusted for socioeconomic and behavioral factors, and other dietary sources.
resultsThe top contributors to total protein intake were unprocessed red meat (13.3%) and unprocessed poultry (13.0%), and the lowest were eggs (2.92%) and nuts (0.91%). Higher intake of processed meats was associated with an increase in waist circumference over 2 years (β = 1.28; standard error [SE] = 0.63), whereas higher intake of fish and seafood was associated with a decrease in waist circumference (β = -3.47; SE = 1.39). Intake of unprocessed poultry was associated with a decrease in triglycerides (β = -24.5; SE = 9.13). No other significant associations were observed between protein sources and 2-year changes in MetS components.
conclusionsConsuming less processed meat and more fish and seafood and unprocessed poultry was associated with decreases in waist circumference and triglycerides among US mainland Puerto Ricans. Other dietary protein sources were not related to cardiometabolic health.
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