Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34143878›Full record

Observational studyThe Journal of nutrition2021

Child Undernutrition following the Introduction of a Large-Scale Toilet Construction Campaign in India.

Parvati Singh, Manisha Shah, Tim A Bruckner

Open access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Open Defecation, Livestock Ownership, and Child Nutritional Status in India.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Parvati SinghProgram in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3800-2808
Manisha ShahDepartment of Public Policy, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Tim A BrucknerProgram in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
University of California, Irvine · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

Vaccine Efficacy after a Sanitation Campaign: A Natural ExperimentR03AI135322 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI BRUCKNER, TIM ALLEN · 2019 to 2020
$142k
NIAID NIH HHS R03 AI135322
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLack of toilets and the widespread practice of open defecation may contribute to India's large burden of child undernutrition.

objectivesWe examine whether a large national sanitation campaign launched in 2014, the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), precedes a reduction in stunting and wasting among under 5-y-old (u5) children in India.

methodsIn this observational study, we used district-level data from before (2013-2014) and after (2015-2016) SBM from 3 national surveys to derive, as our outcomes, the percentage of u5 children per district who are stunted and wasted. We defined our exposures as 1) binary indicator of SBM and 2) percentage of households with toilets per district. Our analytic sample comprised nearly all 640 Indian districts (with ∼1200 rural/urban divisions per district per time point). Linear regression analyses controlled for baseline differences in districts, linear time trends by state, and relevant covariates.

resultsRelative to pre-SBM, u5 stunting declines by 0.06% (95% CI: -0.10, -0.01; P = 0.009) with every percentage increase in households with toilets post-SBM. Rural regions and districts with higher pre-SBM toilet availability show greater decline in u5 stunting post-SBM.

conclusionsAn increase in toilet availability on a national scale, precipitated by the SBM sanitation campaign, is associated with a reduction in undernutrition among u5 children in India over the early phase of the campaign.

Indexed as

Bathroom EquipmentChild Nutrition DisordersMalnutritionChildHumansIndiaSanitationToilet Facilitieschild stuntingIndiaopen defecationsanitationSwachh Bharat Mission

Identifiers

PMID34143878
PMCPMC8436001
OpenAlexW3169332152

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.