ArticleEuropean heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging2022
Clinical intra-cardiac 4D flow CMR: acquisition, analysis, and clinical applications.
Article in European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06424171 (Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Stroke in Veteran athLETES), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Stroke in Veteran athLETES: a Pilot Cardiac and Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study - AFLETES-MRI
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Automated whole-heart volumetrics and haemodynamics from 4D flow CMR magnitude images: development and validation of a deep learning model.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2026Article
- Impact of Contour Boundary Offsets on 4D Flow CMR-Derived Intracardiac Haemodynamic Parameters.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Fully self-gated dual-venc five-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging for simultaneous imaging of the cardiovascular and portal venous systems: A feasibility study.Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · 2026Article
- Cardiac mechanotransduction from development to disease.APL bioengineering · 2026Review
- Mitral Valve Repair vs. Replacement: Hemodynamics in Valve Surgery.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Left ventricular flow components and myocardial deformation following treatment for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: a retrospective cardiac magnetic resonance-based cohort of mavacamtenCardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2026Article
- Left atrial appendage blood flow analysis using four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging.General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery · 2026Article
- Rapid Visualization of Valves and Myocardium Using Volume Rendering of 3D Cardiac MRI, 4D Cine, and 4D Flow Images.Radiology. Cardiothoracic imaging · 2026Article
- Evaluating biventricular diastolic function using cardiovascular magnetic resonance 4d-flow derived E/e'.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2026Article
- Hemodynamic forces derived from cine cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: technical aspects, applications in various clinical scenarios, and in athlete's heart.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Impaired diastolic filling and adverse event risks in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: insights from four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Understanding the Transvalvular Gradient in Aortic Stenosis: A Multifaceted Perspective.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Right heart flow hemodynamic assessment using 4D flow CMR: a systematic review.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2025Review
- Going with the flow: Implementing a 4D flow MRI program at a children's hospital.Pediatric radiology · 2025Review
- Left atrial wall shear stress correlates with fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation.Nature cardiovascular research · 2025Observational
- Left ventricular diastolic inflow and myocardial flow reserve in patients with coronary artery disease: simultaneous analysis of 4D-Flow and myocardial perfusion using hybrid PETMR.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2025Article
- Prerequisites for Clinical Implementation of Whole-Heart 4D-Flow MRI: A Delphi Analysis.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Review
- A Non-Invasive Approach to Pulmonary Hypertension.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Feasibility of 4D-flow CMR for haemodynamic characterization in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after septal myectomy with and without anterior mitral valve leaflet extension.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2024Article
- Generalized Super-Resolution 4D Flow MRI - Using Ensemble Learning to Extend Across the Cardiovascular System.IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Identification of flow patterns within the heart has long been recognized as a potential contribution to the understanding of physiological and pathophysiological processes of cardiovascular diseases. Although the pulsatile flow itself is multi-dimensional and multi-directional, current available non-invasive imaging modalities in clinical practice provide calculation of flow in only 1-direction and lack 3-dimensional volumetric velocity information. Four-dimensional flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow CMR) has emerged as a novel tool that enables comprehensive and critical assessment of flow through encoding velocity in all 3 directions in a volume of interest resolved over time. Following technical developments, 4D flow CMR is not only capable of visualization and quantification of conventional flow parameters such as mean/peak velocity and stroke volume but also provides new hemodynamic parameters such as kinetic energy. As a result, 4D flow CMR is being extensively exploited in clinical research aiming to improve understanding of the impact of cardiovascular disease on flow and vice versa. Of note, the analysis of 4D flow data is still complex and accurate analysis tools that deliver comparable quantification of 4D flow values are a necessity for a more widespread adoption in clinic. In this article, the acquisition and analysis processes are summarized and clinical applications of 4D flow CMR on the heart including conventional and novel hemodynamic parameters are discussed. Finally, clinical potential of other emerging intra-cardiac 4D flow imaging modalities is explored and a near-future perspective on 4D flow CMR is provided.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.