ReviewAnnual review of plant biology2021
Message in a Bubble: Shuttling Small RNAs and Proteins Between Cells and Interacting Organisms Using Extracellular Vesicles.
Review in Annual review of plant biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microbial extracellular vesicles from min pigs remodel macrophage polarization via STING to sustain intestinal immune homeostasis.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Cross-kingdom RNA in plant-microbe interactions: from molecular interactions to next-generation crop protection.Stress biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles released by in vitro plant cell cultures: emerging systems for vesicle-mediated communication and biomedical translation.Plant cell reports · 2026Review
- Cross-stress memory in plants: mobile RNAs, extracellular vesicles, and local-to-systemic signal integration.Plant molecular biology · 2026Review
- Localization and Functional Analysis of CtLTP8, an Extracellular Vesicle Protein That Enhances Resistance toPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Plant-derived nanovesicles: the intelligent nanoplatforms for therapeutics and drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Plant pathogen invasion through extracellular defence evasion.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Identification and analysis of small RNAs in exosome-like nanoparticles derived from onion (Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Structural and Functional Characterization of EXPO-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Plants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Nuclear import of malaria RNA rewires splicing in host immune cells.Cell reports · 2026Article
- OsRNS4-mediated cross-kingdom RNA interference is inhibited byScience advances · 2026Article
- Exosome-mediated delivery of microRNAs by root-knot nematodes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- CtTLP13 Located in Extracellular Vesicles Enhances the Resistance of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) to Botrytis cinerea.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- Dosing of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in traditional Chinese medicine: current status, root causes, and standardization pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Outer membrane vesicles inMicrobial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2026Article
- A new role for an old actor: plant small RNAs orchestrate the phytobiome.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Advanced small extracellular vesicles delivery systems forExtracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- From Biomedical Mechanisms to Clinical Applications: Research Progress in Plant-Derived Vesicles for Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Terpenoid-enrichedExtracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Review
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Communication between plant cells and interacting microorganisms requires the secretion and uptake of functional molecules to and from the extracellular environment and is essential for the survival of both plants and their pathogens. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed spheres that deliver RNA, protein, and metabolite cargos from donor to recipient cells and participate in many cellular processes. Emerging evidencehas shown that both plant and microbial EVs play important roles in cross-kingdom molecular exchange between hosts and interacting microbes to modulate host immunity and pathogen virulence. Recent studies revealed that plant EVs function as a defense system by encasing and delivering small RNAs (sRNAs) into pathogens, thereby mediating cross-species and cross-kingdom RNA interference to silence virulence-related genes. This review focuses on the latest advances in our understanding of plant and microbial EVs and their roles in transporting regulatory molecules, especially sRNAs, between hosts and pathogens. EV biogenesis and secretion are also discussed, as EV function relies on these important processes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.