Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34142471›Full record

ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2021

Sex-Specific Response to Combinations of Shear Stress and Substrate Stiffness by Endothelial Cells In Vitro.

Bryan D James, Josephine B Allen

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Vascular endothelial integration of multiple biophysical stimuli.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026
    Article
  4. Frontiers in global women's health · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Endothelial cell (EC)-specific Ctgf/Ccn2 expression increases EC reprogramming and atherosclerosis.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Modulation of arterial intima stiffness by disturbed blood flow.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2024
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Bryan D JamesDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 206 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6400, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6104-8310
Josephine B AllenDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 206 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, FL, 32611-6400, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5676-0020
University of Florida · US

Funding

Vascular cell sexual dimorphism in complex mechanical microenvironmentsF31HL147445 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI JAMES, BRYAN DANIEL · 2019 to 2020
$69k
NHLBI NIH HHS F31 HL147445
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

By using a full factorial design of experiment, the combinatorial effects of biological sex, shear stress, and substrate stiffness on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) spreading and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) activity are able to be efficiently evaluated. Within the range of shear stress (0.5-1.5 Pa) and substrate stiffness (10-100 kPa), male HUVECs are smaller than female HUVECs. Only with sufficient mechanical stimulation do they spread to a similar size. More importantly, YAP1 nuclear localization in female HUVECs is invariant to mechanical stimulation within the range of tested conditions whereas for male HUVECs it increases nonlinearly with increasing shear stress and substrate stiffness. The sex-specific response of HUVECs to combinations of shear stress and substrate stiffness reinforces the need to include sex as a biological variable and multiple mechanical stimuli in experiments, informs the design of precision biomaterials, and offers insight for understanding cardiovascular disease sexual dimorphisms. Moreover, here it is illustrated that different complex mechanical microenvironments can lead to sex-specific phenotypes and sex invariant phenotypes in cultured endothelial cells.

Indexed as

Stress, MechanicalCell LineCells, CulturedFemaleHumansHuman Umbilical Vein Endothelial CellsMalePhenotypecell-material interactionmechanobiologyprecision medicinesex differences

Identifiers

PMID34142471
PMCPMC8458248
OpenAlexW3172130844

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.