ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2022
Quantification of prenatal marijuana use: evaluation of the correlation between self-report, serum, urine and umbilical cord assays among women delivering at two urban Colorado hospitals.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Avatar Intervention in Virtual Reality for Cannabis Use Disorder in Individuals With Severe Mental Disorders: Results From a 1-Year, Single-Arm Clinical Trial.JMIR mental health · 2024Trial
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- Validity of Self-Reported Cannabis Use Based on Urine Toxicology Measures in a Population-Based Pregnancy Cohort in Michigan.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Adult-use cannabis legalization in the united states: a scoping review of outcome monitoring recommendations.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Enhancing Methods for Research on Cannabis: A Workshop Report.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Review
- Prenatal Cannabis Use and Depressive Symptoms.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Observational
- Maternal ingestion of cannabidiol (CBD) in mice leads to sex-dependent changes in memory, anxiety, and metabolism in the adult offspring, and causes a decrease in survival to weaning age.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2025Article
- CBD and THC in Special Populations: Pharmacokinetics and Drug-Drug Interactions.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Article
- Repeated Exposure to High-THCeNeuro · 2023Article
- Avatar Intervention for Cannabis Use Disorder in Individuals with Severe Mental Disorders: A Pilot Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Association of Cannabis Use With Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Article
- Long-term effects of prenatal cannabis exposure: Pathways to adolescent and adult outcomes.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2022Review
- Characteristics of women concordant and discordant for urine drug screens for cannabis exposure and self-reported cannabis use during pregnancy.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
- The impact of pregnancy and associated hormones on the pharmacokinetics of ΔExpert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsTo estimate during pregnancy correlations between frequency of self-reported use of marijuana and quantified marijuana metabolite in biospecimens including urine, sera and umbilical cord homogenate.
designProspective cohort.
settingTwo urban hospitals in Colorado with legal recreational and medicinal marijuana.
participantsPregnant women (<16 weeks gestation) self-reporting marijuana use. MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed a written self-report survey and provided biospecimens at <16 weeks gestation (n = 46), 18 to 22 weeks gestation (n = 43), 32 to 36 weeks gestation (n = 39), and delivery (n = 37). Self-reported marijuana use frequency was calculated based on past-month days of use multiplied by number of daily uses. Maternal urine and sera were tested for presence (>5 ng/mL) of 11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH). Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry quantified THC-COOH in umbilical cord homogenate (ng/g). Last marijuana use by any measure was recorded to evaluate the time frame over which THC-COOH remains detectable (>0.10 ng/g) in cord.
findingsFrom December 2017 through May 2019, 51 pregnant women enrolled, and 46 were included in analyses (2 withdrew and 3 had a spontaneous abortion). The majority were normal weight, White or Black race, and insured by Medicaid. At the time of enrollment between 7 to 15 weeks' gestation, 87% had ongoing use by self-report, or positive urine or serum. The majority (33 [66%]) stopped using before delivery. Sera and urine results were strongly correlated with self-reported use frequency (Spearman correlation coefficient [r] range 0.70-0.87 across visits, P < 0.001), and with each other. There was only one positive cord result when use stopped before 22 weeks. Frequency of self-reported marijuana use at delivery had strong correlation with quantified cord THC-COOH (r = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.62-0.89).
conclusionsQuantified umbilical cord THC-COOH appears to strongly correlate with frequency of maternal marijuana use in the last month of pregnancy. Earlier use can be measured by either quantitative urine or serum assay.
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