Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34142133›Full record

ArticleDNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes2021

A spinach genome assembly with remarkable completeness, and its use for rapid identification of candidate genes for agronomic traits.

Hideki Hirakawa, Atsushi Toyoda, Takehiko Itoh, Yutaka Suzuki, Atsushi J Nagano, Suguru Sugiyama, Yasuyuki Onodera

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. Pan-NLRome ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Integration of crop modeling and sensing into molecular breeding for nutritional quality and stress tolerance.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Genomic variation across distribution of Micro-Tom, a model cultivar of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2024
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Chromosome-scale genome assembly of Glycyrrhiza uralensis revealed metabolic gene cluster centred specialized metabolites biosynthesis.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Hideki HirakawaThe Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan.
Atsushi ToyodaDepartment of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
Takehiko ItohSchool of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
Yutaka SuzukiThe Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8568, Japan.
Atsushi J NaganoFaculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan.
Suguru SugiyamaSchool of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
Yasuyuki OnoderaThe Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-2932-8491

Funding

Hokkaido University Research and Education Center for Robust Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Industry, the Suhara Memorial Foundation, and the Kazusa DNA Research Institute FoundationJapan Society for the Promotion of Science 18K05609Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 221S0002ROIS National Institute of Genetics
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is grown as a nutritious leafy vegetable worldwide. To accelerate spinach breeding efficiency, a high-quality reference genome sequence with great completeness and continuity is needed as a basic infrastructure. Here, we used long-read and linked-read technologies to construct a de novo spinach genome assembly, designated SOL_r1.1, which was comprised of 287 scaffolds (total size: 935.7 Mb; N50 = 11.3 Mb) with a low proportion of undetermined nucleotides (Ns = 0.34%) and with high gene completeness (BUSCO complete 96.9%). A genome-wide survey of resistance gene analogues identified 695 genes encoding nucleotide-binding site domains, receptor-like protein kinases, receptor-like proteins and transmembrane-coiled coil domains. Based on a high-density double-digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing-based linkage map, the genome assembly was anchored to six pseudomolecules representing ∼73.5% of the whole genome assembly. In addition, we used SOL_r1.1 to identify quantitative trait loci for bolting timing and fruit/seed shape, which harbour biologically plausible candidate genes, such as homologues of the FLOWERING LOCUS T and EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR-LIKE genes. The new genome assembly, SOL_r1.1, will serve as a useful resource for identifying loci associated with important agronomic traits and for developing molecular markers for spinach breeding/selection programs.

Indexed as

Genome, PlantQuantitative Trait LociWhole Genome SequencingFruitGenes, PlantGenetic LinkageSeedsSpinacia oleraceabolting timingfruit/seed shaperesistance gene analoguesspinach

Identifiers

PMID34142133
PMCPMC8231376

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.