ArticleJournal of affective disorders reports2021
Evaluating the Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance of the PHQ-9 between American Indian/Alaska Native Adults and Diverse Racial and Ethnic Groups.
Article in Journal of affective disorders reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Team-Effectiveness Barriers and Solutions to Depression Screening within a Pediatric Hospital Network: A Qualitative Study.Evidence-based practice in child and adolescent mental health · 2026Article
- Assessment of Depression Among Students Studying in Higher Educational Institutions Using PHQ 9 in Tamil Nadu-A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Understanding treatment barriers for major depressive disorder in the Latino community: A qualitative study stratified by language preference.Transcultural psychiatry · 2025Article
- Mental health behaviors and suicide risk among White and Black adults with Opioid Use Disorder.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Factorial invariance of the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 by gender and country in Latin America and the Caribbean.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Review
- Assessing the differential item functioning of PHQ-9 items for diverse racial and ethnic adults with mental health and/or substance use disorder diagnoses: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of affective disorders · 2023Article
- Article
- An examination of the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in a Multiracial/ethnic population in the United States.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a self-reported depression screening instrument for measurement-based care (MBC), may have cross-cultural measurement invariance (MI) with a regional group of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and non-Hispanic White adults. However, to ensure health equity, research was needed on the cross-cultural MI of the PHQ-9 between other groups of AI/AN peoples and diverse populations.
methodsWe assessed the MI of the one-factor PHQ-9 model and five previously identified two-factor models between non-Hispanic AI/AN adults (ages 18-64) from healthcare systems A (
resultsThe one-factor PHQ-9 model was partially invariant, with two-factor models partially, or in one case fully, invariant between AI/AN groups. The one-factor model and three two-factor models were partially invariant between all seven groups, while a two-factor model was fully invariant and another partially invariant between a combined AI/AN group and other racial and ethnic groups.
conclusionsAchieving health equity in MBC requires ensuring the cross-cultural validity of measurement tools. Before comparing mean scores, PHQ-9 models should be assessed for individual racial and ethnic group fit for adults with mental health or substance use disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.