ArticleTobacco induced diseases2021
Association between e-cigarette use and parents' report of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among US youth.
Article in Tobacco induced diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Nicotine Exposure During Gestation: From Placental Dysfunction to Long-Term Neurobehavioral Outcomes.Birth defects research · 2026Review
- Smoking among adolescents in Jordan: Prevalence, associated factors, and its relation to mental health outcomes.PloS one · 2026Article
- Effects of initial nicotine exposure on cognition and nicotine reinforcement among non-smoking young adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- The relative reinforcing efficacy of nicotine in an adolescent rat model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThere is paucity of literature that evaluates e-cigarette use rates among the youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study is to compare the rates of cigarette only, e-cigarette only, dual use, and initiation age of regular use and trying to quit cigarettes or e-cigarettes among the youth with and without ADHD.
methodsWe used Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study Wave 3 (2015-2016) youth data, a nationally representative cross-sectional study in the US. The main outcome was tobacco use status of youth and ADHD diagnosis was based on parent report.
resultsThe survey included 11801 youth (50%, 12-14 years; 49% female). Compared to youth without ADHD, the relative risk ratio (RRR) was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.02-3.21) for cigarette only use, 1.41 (95% CI: 1.01-2.21) for e-cigarette only use, 3.40 (95% CI: 1.69-6.84) for dual use, 1.75 (95% CI: 0.92-3.35) for cigarette and other product(s) use, 1.48 (95% CI: 0.58-3.77) for e-cigarette and other product(s) use, and 3.37 (95% CI: 1.88-6.17) for poly use among youth with ADHD, after adjusting for age group, sex, and race/ethnicity.
conclusionsCigarette only use, e-cigarette only use, dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes, and poly use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and other product(s) were significantly associated with parent report of an ADHD diagnosis. It is critical for healthcare providers to be screening youth for e-cigarette use, especially youth who are diagnosed with ADHD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.