ArticleJournal of inflammation research2021
Multiple Cytokines Elevated in Patients with Keloids: Is It an Indication of Auto-Inflammatory Disease?
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploratory Evaluation of Hydrogen-Rich Water Therapy for Keloid Management: A Double-Blinded Randomized Pilot Trial.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Trial
- Immune cells in keloids: mechanisms and potential treatments.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Phosphoglucose isomerase directs the inflammatory response, calcium influx and fibroblast migration in keloids.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Acute Intraoperative Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation During Suppurative Keloid Excision: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- A Holistic Approach to Unravel Keloid Pathogenesis and Optimize Therapeutic Outcomes.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Advances in the interplay between mechanical forces and inflammatory immunity in keloid formation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Regulatory role of POSTN in keloid pathogenesis.Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- Folate alleviated skin inflammation and fibrosis resulting from impaired homocysteine metabolism.Redox biology · 2025Article
- FOXO4-DRI induces keloid senescent fibroblast apoptosis by promoting nuclear exclusion of upregulated p53-serine 15 phosphorylation.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Link: The Potential Roles of Vitamin D in Keloid Pathophysiology.Experimental dermatology · 2025Review
- Keloids and inflammation: the crucial role of IL-33 in epidermal changes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The regulatory role of immune microenvironment-related cells and pathways in the pathogenesis of keloids.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- LangerinClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Review
- Autocrine IL-6 drives cell and extracellular matrix anisotropy in scar fibroblasts.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2023Article
- Establishment of a humanized mouse model of keloid diseases following the migration of patient immune cells to the lesion: Patient-derived keloid xenograft (PDKX) model.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Risk factors associated with keloid infections: A five-year retrospective study.International wound journal · 2023Article
- IL-13RA2 downregulation in fibroblasts promotes keloid fibrosis via JAK/STAT6 activation.JCI insight · 2023Article
- An updated review of the immunological mechanisms of keloid scars.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Identification and characterization of four immune-related signatures in keloid.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammation seems to play a major role in the pathophysiology of keloids. However, the role of cytokines in keloid pathophysiology has not been fully evaluated with only a few cytokines studied. We undertook this study to compare various cytokines in patients with keloids and a control group of patients without keloids nor family history of keloids so as to determine which cytokines are elevated and could thus be critical in keloid formation.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of patients with keloids and a control group of those without. Patients in both groups were matched for age, sex and body mass index. Their plasma was analyzed for both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines using the Bio-flex Elisa
resultsA total of 84 participants with 42 participants in each group were followed during the study. Male to female ratio was 1:2. Age ranges were similar with a mean of 29.6 years. A total of 28 cytokines were assayed. Statistically significant differences were noted in 15 of the 28 cytokines assayed with 11 being elevated more in keloid patients with only four in the non-keloid forming group. Among elevated cytokines in keloid patients were granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, granulocyte-monocyte-colony-stimulating factors, interleukins 4, 6 and 13.
conclusionPatients with keloids have significantly higher cytokines compared with non-keloid forming patients. This finding suggests that keloid formation could be influenced by multiple inflammatory cytokines, an indication that the patient's immune system could play a role in keloid formation akin to auto-inflammatory disease.
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Registered trials
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