ArticleNature human behaviour2021
Resource profile and user guide of the Polygenic Index Repository.
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In one paragraph
Article in Nature human behaviour, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
86citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The predictive value of polygenic risk scores for depression in gene-environment interaction studies: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A genome-wide investigation into the underlying genetic architecture of personality traits and overlap with psychopathology.Nature human behaviour · 2024Pooled it
- Overcoming attenuation bias in regressions using polygenic indices.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Genetics of Educational Attainment and Childhood Problem Behavior: Direct Genetic Effects, Cognitive Pathways, and Sex Differences.Behavior genetics · 2026Article
- Associations of ADHD genetic risk with objective and subjective economic wellbeing: evidence from Finnish population-based cohorts.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Cross-ancestry pleiotropic analysis of imaging-derived phenotypes enhances risk stratification of depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genomic-Relatedness Matching Expands Population Coverage, Improves Power, and Reduces Bias in Genetic Association Analyses.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Causal Associations of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Circulating Metabolites With Malignant Brain Neoplasms: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Prenatal famine exposure restricts genetic effects on birth weight with implications for metabolic disease risk.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical use of polygenic risk scores: current status, barriers and future directions.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Article
- Genetic associations with education have increased and are patterned by socioeconomic context: Evidence from 3 studies born 1946-1970.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Economics and Econometrics of Gene-Environment Interplay.The Review of economic studies · 2026Article
- Genetic disparities in sleep traits and human capital development: A 25-year study in Finnish population-based cohorts.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2026Article
- Polygenic Risks for Mood Disorders and Economic Well-being: Study of Finnish Cohorts.Depression and anxiety · 2026Article
- Assessing Orthogonality in Gene-Environment Interaction Studies Using Polygenic Indices.Behavior genetics · 2026Article
- Using genomic structural equation modeling to examine the genetic architecture of PTSD and life satisfaction phenotypes.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Family-GWAS reveals effects of environment and mating on genetic associations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- An Updated Polygenic Index Repository: Expanded Phenotypes, New Cohorts, and Improved Causal Inference.Research square · 2025Article
- Genotypic and socioeconomic risks for depressive symptoms in two U.S. cohorts spanning early to older adulthood.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2025Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
43 authors.
Joel BeckerDepartment of Economics, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Casper A P BurikDepartment of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2726-5570
Grant GoldmanNational Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Nancy WangNational Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Hariharan JayashankarNational Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Michael BennettNational Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0446-1029
Daniel W BelskyDepartment of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5463-2212
Richard Karlsson LinnérDepartment of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7839-2858
Rafael AhlskogDepartment of Government, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Aaron Kleinman23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.
David A Hinds23andMe, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-803X
23andMe Research Group
Avshalom CaspiDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
David L CorcoranCenter for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7460-9247
Terrie E MoffittDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8589-6760
Richie PoultonDunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-4583
Karen SugdenDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Benjamin S WilliamsDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-5317
Kathleen Mullan HarrisDepartment of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Andrew SteptoeDepartment of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7808-4943
Olesya AjnakinaDepartment of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
Lili MilaniInstitute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-3102
Tõnu EskoInstitute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1982-6569
William G IaconoDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Matt McGueDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-1433
Patrik K E MagnussonSwedish Twin Registry, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-7899
Travis T MallardDepartment of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3265-3001
K Paige HardenDepartment of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1557-6737
Elliot M Tucker-DrobDepartment of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5599-6237
Pamela HerdMcCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0137-5846
Jeremy FreeseDepartment of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Alexander YoungUCLA Anderson School of Management, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-989X
Jonathan P BeauchampInterdisciplinary Center for Economic Science and Department of Economics, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-4016
Philipp D KoellingerDepartment of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-0412
Sven OskarssonDepartment of Government, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8698-2866
Magnus JohannessonDepartment of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.
Peter M VisscherInstitute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2143-8760
Michelle N MeyerCenter for Translational Bioethics and Health Care Policy, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-8803
David LaibsonNational Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
David CesariniDepartment of Economics, New York University, New York, NY, USA. david.cesarini@nyu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-009X
Daniel J BenjaminNational Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. daniel.benjamin@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2642-5416
Patrick TurleyCenter for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. paturley@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-8605
Aysu OkbayDepartment of Economics, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. aysuokbay@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5170-7781
Funding
Wave IV Data CollectionP01HD031921 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI HARRIS, KATHLEEN MULLAN · 1994 to 2020
$86.1MProject-001R01AG017644 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INST OF NEUROLOGY · PI Andrew Steptoe · 2000 to 2026
$56.2MWISCONSIN LONGITUDINAL STUDY--SIBLING INTERVIEWS (1)R01AG009775 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI HERD, PAMELA · 1991 to 2012
$23.4MWORK, HEALTH, AND WELL-BEINGP01AG021079 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI WARREN, JOHN ROBERT · 2002 to 2011
$14.2MAging Together: Brothers and Sisters of the Wisconsin Longitudinal StudyR01AG033285 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI HERD, PAMELA, WARREN, JOHN ROBERT · 2009 to 2013
$11.8MSubstance Abuse & Behavioral Disinhibition: Integrating Genes & EnvironmentU01DA024417 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI IACONO, WILLIAM G. · 2007 to 2010
$10.8MQuantifying Individual Differences in Midlife Structural Brain Integrity Associated with Later AD/ADRD RiskR01AG049789 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI AHMAD R. HARIRI, TERRIE E MOFFITT · 2015 to 2026
$10.6MIs mental disorder a preventable cause of age-related disease? The Dunedin Study.R01AG032282 · NIA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI CASPI, AVSHALOM, MOFFITT, TERRIE E · 2009 to 2025
$9.5MStatistical methods for studies of rare variantsR01MH101244 · NIMH · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI Benjamin Michael Neale, ALKES L PRICE · 2013 to 2026
$9.4MScientific & Technical CoreP2CHD042849 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI MARK D. HAYWARD · 2017 to 2026
$5.2M2/7 Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: Finding Actionable VariationU01MH109539 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI DALY, MARK JOSEPH · 2016 to 2020
$4.7MAdd Health: A Genotype and Phenotype Resource for the Global Scientific CommunityR01HD073342 · NICHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI HARRIS, KATHLEEN MULLAN · 2012 to 2016
$3.6MMedical Research Council G1002190Medical Research Council MC_PC_17228Medical Research Council MC_QA137853Medical Research Council MR/P005918/1NIA NIH HHS K99 AG062787NIA NIH HHS R00 AG062787NIA NIH HHS R01 AG042568NIA NIH HHS R24 AG065184NIA NIH HHS R56 AG058726NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD042849NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD083613NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD092548NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH101244NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH109539
Abstract
Polygenic indexes (PGIs) are DNA-based predictors. Their value for research in many scientific disciplines is growing rapidly. As a resource for researchers, we used a consistent methodology to construct PGIs for 47 phenotypes in 11 datasets. To maximize the PGIs' prediction accuracies, we constructed them using genome-wide association studies-some not previously published-from multiple data sources, including 23andMe and UK Biobank. We present a theoretical framework to help interpret analyses involving PGIs. A key insight is that a PGI can be understood as an unbiased but noisy measure of a latent variable we call the 'additive SNP factor'. Regressions in which the true regressor is this factor but the PGI is used as its proxy therefore suffer from errors-in-variables bias. We derive an estimator that corrects for the bias, illustrate the correction, and make a Python tool for implementing it publicly available.
Indexed as
Databases, GeneticMultifactorial InheritancePolymorphism, Single NucleotideData AnalysisGenome-Wide Association StudyHumans
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.