ArticleCommunications biology2021
Menstrual flow as a non-invasive source of endometrial organoids.
Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07220239 (Menstrual Cup-based Endometrial Collection as an Alternative to Endometrial Biopsy in Lynch Syndrome Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Menstrual Cup-based Endometrial Collection as an Alternative to Endometrial Biopsy in Lynch Syndrome Patients
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Bioengineering trends in female reproduction: a systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2022Pooled it
- Engineering the human endometrium at the intersection of development and reproduction.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- A non-invasive, patient-derived organoid platform from uterine lavage fluid for modeling endometrial implantation and disease.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Protocol for lentiviral generation and transduction of human-derived endometrial epithelial organoids to study uterine function and pathologies.STAR protocols · 2026Article
- Bovine endometrial organoids: a new tool to study conceptus-maternal interactions in mammals†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Article
- Article
- Engineering the Human Endometrial-Embryo Interface: Breakthroughs in 3D Uterine Models.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Simple and Rapid Model to Generate Differentiated Endometrial Floating Organoids.Bio-protocol · 2026Article
- New models of implantation: towards a whole better than the sum of parts.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Reproductive fluids, commercial media, and organoids: bridging the gap in IVF culture systems.Human reproduction open · 2026Review
- Advances and challenges of endometrial organoids in modeling endometrial function: basic, clinical, and future perspectives.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Non-Invasive Extracellular Vesicle Biomarkers in Endometriosis, Molecular Signatures Linking Pelvic Inflammation, Oocyte Quality, and IVF OutcomesCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The human placenta and its role in reproductive outcomes revisited.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Integration of Bioengineered Tools in Assisted Reproductive Technologies.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- PCOS endometrium-derived epithelial organoids as a novel model to study endometrial dysfunction.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Organoids as powerful models of endometrium epithelium in transcriptomic, cellular and functional mimicry.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Review
- WERF Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project for Experimental Models in Endometriosis Research (EPHect-EM-Organoids): endometrial organoids as an emerging technology for endometriosis research.Molecular human reproduction · 2025Review
- Review
- Unlocking uterine biology at home: a validated system for DNA, RNA, and microbial analysis from menstrual effluence.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing Implantation Studies: Uterine-Specific Models and Advanced Technologies.Biomolecules · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Assessment of the endometrium often necessitates a biopsy, which currently involves an invasive, transcervical procedure. Here, we present an alternative technique based on deriving organoids from menstrual flow. We demonstrate that organoids can be derived from gland fragments recovered from menstrual flow. To confirm they faithfully reflect the in vivo state we compared organoids derived from paired scratch biopsies and ensuing menstrual flow from patients undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF). We demonstrate that the two sets of organoids share the same transcriptome signature, derivation efficiency and proliferation rate. Furthermore, they respond similarly to sex steroids and early-pregnancy hormones, with changes in morphology, receptor expression, and production of 'uterine milk' proteins that mimic those during the late-secretory phase and early pregnancy. This technique has wide-ranging impact for non-invasive investigation and personalised approaches to treatment of common gynaecological conditions, such as endometriosis, and reproductive disorders, including failed implantation after IVF and recurrent miscarriage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.