ArticleScientific reports2021
Baseline T-lymphocyte subset absolute counts can predict both outcome and severity in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: a single center study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Zinc and vitamin C intake increases spike and neutralising antibody production following SARS-CoV-2 infection.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Trial
- B- and T-Cell Responses After SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Receiving Disease Modifying Therapies: Immunological Patterns and Clinical Implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- A context-aware interpretive framework for lymphocyte immunophenotyping by flow cytometry.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Low CD3+ and CD4+ T cell levels predict need for ventilatory support and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Reveals the Value of Unconventional T Lymphocytes in Sepsis and Prognosis of Elderly Patients With Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and Liver Injury, Beyond the First Pandemic Waves: Clinical and Immune-Virological Features.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2025Article
- Identifying Key Hematological and Biochemical Indicators of Disease Severity in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Patients.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The evolving landscape of COVID-19: factors associated with in-hospital COVID-19 related mortality during the 2023-2024 phase of JN.1 subvariant dominance.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Dynamic Changes in Lymphocyte Populations and Their Relationship with Disease Severity and Outcome in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Proteomic profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals immune dysregulation and metabolic alterations in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Critical and non-critical coronavirus disease 2019 patients: which is the most predictive biomarker for disease severity and outcome?: A multicentre prospective cohort study comparing mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin, inflammatory and immunological patterns.European journal of anaesthesiology and intensive care · 2023Article
- Antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after the booster immunization.Journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- The Impact of Viral and Bacterial Co-Infections and Home Antibiotic Treatment in SARS-CoV-2 Hospitalized Patients at the Policlinico Tor Vergata Hospital, Rome, Italy.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Relationship Between Decreased CD-8 T-Cells and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit, A Retrospective Study.Turkish journal of anaesthesiology and reanimation · 2023Article
- Dynamic changes in radiological parameters, immune cells, selected miRNAs, and cytokine levels in peripheral blood of patients with severe COVID‑19.Biomedical reports · 2023Article
- T Lymphocyte Subset Counts and Interferon-Gamma Production in Adults and Children with COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Correlation of Lymphocyte Subpopulations, Clinical Features and Inflammatory Markers during Severe COVID-19 Onset.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Remdesivir Influence on SARS-CoV-2 RNA Viral Load Kinetics in Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimens of COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients: A Real-Life Experience.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Inflammation as Prognostic Hallmark of Clinical Outcome in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of baseline lymphocyte subset counts in predicting the outcome and severity of COVID-19 patients. Hospitalized patients confirmed to be infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included and classified according to in-hospital mortality (survivors/nonsurvivors) and the maximal oxygen support/ventilation supply required (nonsevere/severe). Demographics, clinical and laboratory data, and peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were retrospectively analyzed. Overall, 160 patients were retrospectively included in the study. T-lymphocyte subset (total CD3+, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+, CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ double positive [DP] and CD3+ CD4- CD8- double negative [DN]) absolute counts were decreased in nonsurvivors and in patients with severe disease compared to survivors and nonsevere patients (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that absolute counts of CD3+ T-lymphocytes < 524 cells/µl, CD3+ CD4+ < 369 cells/µl, and the number of T-lymphocyte subsets below the cutoff (T-lymphocyte subset index [TLSI]) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Baseline T-lymphocyte subset counts and TLSI were also predictive of disease severity (CD3+ < 733 cells/µl; CD3+ CD4+ < 426 cells/µl; CD3+ CD8+ < 262 cells/µl; CD3+ DP < 4.5 cells/µl; CD3+ DN < 18.5 cells/µl). The evaluation of peripheral T-lymphocyte absolute counts in the early stages of COVID-19 might represent a useful tool for identifying patients at increased risk of unfavorable outcomes.
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