Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34140515›Full record

ArticleNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2021

Fluorescent nanosensors reveal dynamic pH gradients during biofilm formation.

Birte Hollmann, Mark Perkins, Veeren M Chauhan, Jonathan W Aylott, Kim R Hardie

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Advances in BODIPY Derivatives for Antibacterial Phototherapy.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Review
  2. Extracellular matrix chemistry tunes bacterial biofilm metabolism and optimizes fitness.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Interactions Between Active Matters and Endogenous Fields.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Long-term continuous corrosion of 316L stainless steel byFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Effects of glucose and lactate onMicrobiology spectrum · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Diffusiophoretic Particle Penetration into Bacterial Biofilms.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2023
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Birte HollmannBiodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9052-8009
Mark PerkinsBiodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Veeren M ChauhanAdvanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Jonathan W AylottAdvanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Kim R HardieBiodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. kim.hardie@nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-4892-2739
University of Nottingham · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/M008770/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/R012415/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the dynamic environmental microniches of biofilms will permit us to detect, manage and exploit these communities. The components and architecture of biofilms have been interrogated in depth; however, little is known about the environmental microniches present. This is primarily because of the absence of tools with the required measurement sensitivity and resolution to detect these changes. We describe the application of ratiometric fluorescent pH-sensitive nanosensors, as a tool, to observe physiological pH changes in biofilms in real time. Nanosensors comprised two pH-sensitive fluorophores covalently encapsulated with a reference pH-insensitive fluorophore in an inert polyacrylamide nanoparticle matrix. The nanosensors were used to analyse the real-time three-dimensional pH variation for two model biofilm formers: (i) opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and (ii) oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. The detection of sugar metabolism in real time by nanosensors provides a potential application to identify therapeutic solutions to improve oral health.

Indexed as

BiofilmsBiosensing TechniquesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationNanotechnologyAcrylic ResinsFluorescent DyesGlucoseNanoparticlesPermeabilityPolyacrylamidesPseudomonasTime-Lapse ImagingAcrylic ResinsFluorescent DyesGlucosePolyacrylamides

Identifiers

PMID34140515
PMCPMC8211749
OpenAlexW3172550438

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.