Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34140412›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Microstructural design for mechanical-optical multifunctionality in the exoskeleton of the flower beetle

Zian Jia, Matheus C Fernandes, Zhifei Deng, Ting Yang, Qiuting Zhang, Alfie Lethbridge, Jie Yin, Jae-Hwang Lee, Lin Han, James C Weaver and 5 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
9.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. The Molecular Basis of Growth Control in Guanine Crystals.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Mineralized sclerites in the gorgonian coralProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. A Bio-Inspired Perspective on Materials Sustainability.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Digital synthesis of free-form multimaterial structures for realization of arbitrary programmed mechanical responses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.

Zian JiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061.ORCID 0000-0002-0181-9961
Matheus C FernandesHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0002-6252-9300
Zhifei DengDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061.ORCID 0000-0002-9905-1494
Ting YangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061.
Qiuting ZhangDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695.ORCID 0000-0002-8654-0790
Alfie LethbridgeSchool of Physics, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL Exeter, United Kingdom.
Jie YinDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695.ORCID 0000-0002-6297-1262
Jae-Hwang LeeDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.ORCID 0000-0002-2546-1044
Lin HanSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104.ORCID 0000-0003-4180-1288
James C WeaverHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Katia BertoldiHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.
Joanna AizenbergHarvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.ORCID 0000-0002-2343-8705
Mathias KolleDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 mkolle@mit.edu p.vukusic@exeter.ac.uk lingl@vt.edu.
Pete VukusicSchool of Physics, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL Exeter, United Kingdom; mkolle@mit.edu p.vukusic@exeter.ac.uk lingl@vt.edu.
Ling LiDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061; mkolle@mit.edu p.vukusic@exeter.ac.uk lingl@vt.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6741-9741
Harvard University · USVirginia Tech · USNorth Carolina State University · USUniversity of Exeter · GBDrexel University · USMassachusetts Institute of Technology · USUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biological systems have a remarkable capability of synthesizing multifunctional materials that are adapted for specific physiological and ecological needs. When exploring structure-function relationships related to multifunctionality in nature, it can be a challenging task to address performance synergies, trade-offs, and the relative importance of different functions in biological materials, which, in turn, can hinder our ability to successfully develop their synthetic bioinspired counterparts. Here, we investigate such relationships between the mechanical and optical properties in a multifunctional biological material found in the highly protective yet conspicuously colored exoskeleton of the flower beetle,

Indexed as

Optical PhenomenaAnimalsAnimal ShellsBiomechanical PhenomenaColeopteraFlowersModels, BiologicalPhotonsPigmentationScattering, Radiationbeetle exoskeletonmultifunctional materialsoptical damage toleranceperformance synergies and trade-offsphotonic biomaterials

Identifiers

PMID34140412
PMCPMC8237622
OpenAlexW3168318464

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.