Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34140290›Full record

ArticleCancer discovery2021

Discovery and Features of an Alkylating Signature in Colorectal Cancer.

Carino Gurjao, Rong Zhong, Koichiro Haruki, Yvonne Y Li, Liam F Spurr, Henry Lee-Six, Brendan Reardon, Tomotaka Ugai, Xuehong Zhang, Andrew D Cherniack and 9 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Iron, inflammation, and intestinal tumors: the crucial triad in colorectal cancer progression and therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. TGF-β Pathway-Based Polygenic Risk Score Modifies the Association between Red Meat Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Application of a Novel Pathway-Based PRS Method.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
    Article
  7. Frequent Detection of Abasic Sites andChemical research in toxicology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Germline Predisposition to Oncogenic Alkylating Damage in Colorectal Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Food as medicine in gastrointestinal cancer therapy.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

Carino Gurjao *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Rong Zhong *Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Koichiro Haruki *Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.ORCID 0000-0002-1686-3228
Yvonne Y LiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Liam F SpurrDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Henry Lee-SixWellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.
Brendan ReardonDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Tomotaka UgaiProgram in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Xuehong ZhangChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Andrew D CherniackDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.ORCID 0000-0003-0470-0111
Mingyang SongDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Eliezer M Van AllenDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Jeffrey A MeyerhardtDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Jonathan A NowakDepartment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Edward L GiovannucciDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Charles S FuchsYale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut.
Kana Wu *Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Shuji Ogino *Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.ORCID 0000-0002-3909-2323
Marios Giannakis *Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Marios_Giannakis@dfci.harvard.edu.
Broad Institute · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USDana-Farber Cancer Institute · USHarvard University · USSmilow Cancer Hospital · USWellcome Sanger Institute · GB

Funding

Large Scale Sequencing and Analysis of GenomesU54HG003067 · NHGRI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GABRIEL, STACEY, LANDER, ERIC S · 2004 to 2015
$568.6M
VectorP30CA006516 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE · PI A. Heather Eliassen · 1985 to 2026
$330.6M
Yale Pathology Tissue Services Shared ResourceP30CA016359 · NCI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI DAVID L RIMM · 1985 to 2026
$85.0M
Statistical MethodsP01CA087969 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI TWOROGER, SHELLEY S · 2000 to 2019
$77.8M
Validity of Diet and Activity Measures in WomenP01CA055075 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI SPIEGELMAN, DONNA L · 1991 to 2009
$41.8M
Tissue and Pathology ResourcesP50CA127003 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI EL-BARDEESY, NABEEL, SELLERS, WILLIAM R · 2007 to 2023
$33.2M
Life Course Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in WomenU01CA176726 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, WILLETT, WALTER C. · 2018 to 2025
$22.4M
Long Term Multidisciplinary Study of Cancer in Women: The Nurses Health StudyUM1CA186107 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, STAMPFER, MEIR · 2014 to 2023
$22.3M
Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Male Health ProfessionalsU01CA167552 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Lorelei Mucci, Walter C. Willett · 2017 to 2026
$17.0M
Life Course Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in WomenUM1CA176726 · NCI · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI WILLETT, WALTER C. · 2013 to 2017
$15.7M
Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in Male Health ProfessionalsUM1CA167552 · NCI · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI WILLETT, WALTER C. · 2012 to 2016
$11.5M
Accelerating Transdisciplinary Epidemiology of Colorectal CancerR35CA197735 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI OGINO, SHUJI · 2015 to 2021
$6.0M
Cancer Research UK 27140Cancer Research UK C10674/A27140NCI NIH HHS K07 CA188126NCI NIH HHS K07 CA190673NCI NIH HHS P01 CA055075NCI NIH HHS P01 CA087969NCI NIH HHS P30 CA006516NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016359NCI NIH HHS P50 CA127003NCI NIH HHS R01 CA118553NCI NIH HHS R01 CA151993NCI NIH HHS R01 CA169141NCI NIH HHS R03 CA197879NCI NIH HHS R21 CA222940NCI NIH HHS R21 CA230873NCI NIH HHS R21 CA238651NCI NIH HHS R35 CA197735NCI NIH HHS U01 CA167552NCI NIH HHS U01 CA176726NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA167552NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA176726NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA186107NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG003067
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Several risk factors have been established for colorectal cancer, yet their direct mutagenic effects in patients' tumors remain to be elucidated. Here, we leveraged whole-exome sequencing data from 900 colorectal cancer cases that had occurred in three U.S.-wide prospective studies with extensive dietary and lifestyle information. We found an alkylating signature that was previously undescribed in colorectal cancer and then showed the existence of a similar mutational process in normal colonic crypts. This alkylating signature is associated with high intakes of processed and unprocessed red meat prior to diagnosis. In addition, this signature was more abundant in the distal colorectum, predicted to target cancer driver mutations

Indexed as

Alkylating AgentsAdultAgedCohort StudiesColorectal NeoplasmsExome SequencingFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesAlkylating Agents

Identifiers

PMID34140290
PMCPMC8487940
OpenAlexW3166591395

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.